Environmental Protection Agency toxicity studies

TBBPA is listed in the Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act under Section 8(b) and as a result all manufacturers, importers and processors of TBBPA are required to report all health and safety studies that they have conducted. As... 

The United States of America in 1998 announced the Chemical Right-to-Know (RTK) Initiative46 which was the US government response to an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study that found that very little basic toxicity information is publicly available on most of the HPV chemicals made and used in the USA. It should be noted that the US definition of UPV chemicals is different from that used in the rest of the world, as the US definition is a chemical produced in or imported into the US A in amounts... 

EPA. 1985b. Endosulfan technical Review of 13-week toxicity study in mice. Memorandum. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Document no. 004733. 

Monsanto. 1978. TSCA sect. 8(d) submission 40-7859047. A study of variables effecting the river die-away test. Special study 1978. Washington, D.C. Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA Doc Control No. OTS 84003A... 

A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) study of 165 sludges showed nickel concentrations ranging from 2 to 3520mg/kg (dry basis).18 Nickel toxicity may develop in plants from application of municipal wastewater biosolids on acid soils. Nickel reduces yields for a variety of crops including oats, mustard, turnips, and cabbage. 

In a study by Andersson et al. [30], the possibilities to use quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict physical chemical and ecotoxico-logical properties of approximately 200 different plastic additives have been assessed. Physical chemical properties were predicted with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite, Version 3.20. Aquatic ecotoxicity data were calculated by QSAR models in the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.), version 3.3, from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as described by Rahmberg et al. [31]. To evaluate the applicability of the QSAR-based characterization factors, they were compared to experiment-based characterization factors for the same substances taken from the USEtox organics database [32], This was done for 39 plastic additives for which experiment-based characterization factors were already available. 

Toxicity and exposure studies indicate PFOA is immunosuppressive and can cause developmental problems and other adverse effects in laboratory animals, such as rodents [Lau et al (2004), Lau et al (2006)]. In 2005 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a draft risk assessment of its potential human health effects [U S. EPA (2005)]. A subsequent review by the EPA science advisory board concluded that there is sufficient evidence to classify PFOA as likely human carcinogenic. 

An extensive literature search revealed no published data on famphur toxicity to aquatic animals. Unpublished studies of acute lethality were, however, conducted with the bluegill (Lepomis mac-rochirus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In those studies, the range in LC50 values at 96 h was 18 to 21 mg/L in bluegills and 4.9 to 5.3 mg/L in rainbow trout. The no-observable-effect concentration at 96 h ranged from 14 to 18 mg/1 in bluegills and was 2.1 mg/L in rainbow trout (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OPPTS/OPP/EFED/EEB, personal communication, 30 June 1993). 

EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.3700, EPA 712-C-98-207,1998a. http //www. epa.gov/opptsfrs/OPPTS Harmonized/870 Health Effects Test Guidelines/Series/870-6300.pdf... 

Among all chlorophenols, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (IRIS electronic database) and the EU [256]. In particular, PCP has been classified as a B2 probable carcinogen for humans from animal toxicity studies and human clinical data. 

Campbell, G. L. Cohan, D. and North, D. W. "The Application of Decision Analysis to Toxic Substances Proposed Methodology and Case Studies" prepared by Decision Focus Incorporated for the Office of Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, 1982. 

Short RD, Minor JL, Winston JM, et al. 1977. Task IV. Developmental toxicity of ethylene dibromide inhaled by rats and mice during organogenesis. Toxicity studies of selected chemicals. Washington, D C. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. EPA-560/6-77-028. NTIS no. PB-273 267, 1-15 117-127. 

Jorgenson TA, Rushbrook CJ. 1980. Effects of chloroform in the drinking water of rats and mice Ninety-day subacute toxicity study. Report by SRI International, Menlo Park, CA to Health Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. 

XZ/N VI RON MENTAL APPLICATIONS OF CHEMOMETRics are of interest because of the concern about the effects of chemicals on humans. The symposium upon which this book is based served as an important milestone in a process we, the editors, initiated in 1982. As members of the Environmental Protection Agency s Office of Toxic Substances (OTS), we have responsibilities for the acquisition and analysis of human and environmental exposure data in support of the Toxic Substances Control Act. OTS exposure studies invariably are complex and range from evaluating human body burden data (polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose tissue, for example) to documenting airborne asbestos levels in schools. 

Wickhen Products Inc. FYI-OTS-0684-0286, Suppl Seq H. Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate Animal Toxicology Studies. Report from Kolmar Research Center, May-August 1967. Washington, DC, Office of Toxic Substances, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1984... 

Short RD Jr, Minor JL, Ferguson B, et al Toxicity Studies of Selected Chemicals, Task I— The Developmental Toxicity of Ethylene Dibromide Inhaled by Rats and Mice During Organogenesis. Report No EPA-560/6-76-018. Washington, DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, 1976... 

Dennis MW Acute Dermal LD o Toxicity Study E-2B, E6-B, E-8, E-14B, E-10, E-11, E-12 with cover letter dated 03/31/82. Document no. 88-8100360, Washington DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, 1982... 

US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), OPPTS (Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances). (1998) Health effects test guidelines. OPPTS 870.3700, Prenatal developmental toxicity study... 

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