Toxicity nickel

A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) study of 165 sludges showed nickel concentrations ranging from 2 to 3520mg/kg (dry basis).18 Nickel toxicity may develop in plants from application of municipal wastewater biosolids on acid soils. Nickel reduces yields for a variety of crops including oats, mustard, turnips, and cabbage. 

Babich, H. and Stotzky, G., Temperature, pH, salinity, hardness, and particulates mediate nickel toxicity to eubacteria, an actinomycete, and yeasts in lake, simulated estuarine, and sea waters, Aquat Toxicol, 3, 195-208, 1983. 

Nickel toxicity in rabbits and dogs demonstrated experimentally. High doses of nickel 1, 2, 4... 

Data on nickel toxicity to terrestrial invertebrates are scarce. A soil concentration of 757 mg/kg DW soil is lethal to 50% of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) in 14 days, and higher concentrations of 1200 to 12,000 mg/kg DW soil for shorter periods produced reduced growth and survival in the same species (WHO 1991). Earthworms are less sensitive to nickel if the medium is rich in microorganisms and organic matter, thus, making the nickel less bioavailable (WHO 1991). 

Outridge and Scheuhammer (1993), in their excellent review of nickel hazards, draw six major conclusions regarding nickel toxicity in mammals ... 

Toxic effects of nickel to humans and laboratory mammals are documented for respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, musculoskeletal, hepatic, renal, dermal, ocular, immunological, developmental, neurological, and reproductive systems. Nickel toxicity in mammals is governed by the chemical form of nickel, dose, and route of exposure. Mammalian exposure to nickel by inhalation or cutaneous contact was more significant than oral exposure. To protect humans and other mammals against respiratory effects, proposed air-quality criteria are 0.01 to less than... 

Babich, H. and G. Stotzky. 1982a. Nickel toxicity to microbes effect of pH and implications for acid rain. Environ. Res. 29 335-350. 

Chen, C.Y. and T.H. Lin. 1998. Nickel toxicity to human term placenta in vitro study on lipid peroxidation. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54A 37-47. 

Nielsen, F.H. 1977. Nickel toxicity. Pages 129-146 in R.A. Goyer, and M.A. Mehlman (eds.). Advances in Modern Toxicology. Volume 2. Toxicology of Trace Elements. Hemisphere Publ. Corp., London. 

Proctor, J. and I.D. McGowan. 1976. Influence of magnesium on nickel toxicity. Nature 260 134. 

Weber, C.W. and B.L. Reid. 1968. Nickel toxicity in growing chicks. Jour. Nutr. 95 612-616. 

Oral nickel toxicity in chicks was prevented by increased dietary zinc (Warner et al. 1988). 

The investigators suggested that a cadmium-induced production of ceruloplasmin, which prevented a nickel-induced reduction of ceruloplasmin, provided the protection against nickel toxicity. 

Khandelwal S, Tandon SK. 1984. Effect of cadmium pretreatment on nickel toxicity. In Sunderman FW Jr, Aitio A, Berlin A, eds. Nickel in the human environment. lARC scientific publication no. 53. Lyon France International Agency for Research on Cancer 293-300. 

Sunderman FW Jr, Dingle B, Hopfer SM, et al. 1988. Acute nickel toxicity in electroplating workers who accidently ingested a solution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride. Am J Ind Med 14 257-266. 

Nickel toxicity in rabbits and dogs demonstrated experimentally. High doses of nickel sulfate given by stomach gavage caused gastritis, convulsions, and death sublethal doses produced emaciation and conjunctivitis 1, 2, 4... 

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