Environmental policy implementation

Environmental Law Environmental Policy Implementation Resource Economics... 

Safety and environmental policies need to be established and approved by executive management. Practices for implementing the policy need to be established, documented, implemented, and evaluated for continued suitability and effectiveness. These practices have to be planned, organized, and controlled so that they achieve their purpose. 

In the U.S., three pieces of federal legislation that were passed from 1969 to 1980, and the implementing rules and regulations that followed, initiated a series of fundamental changes in the management of waste and byproduct materials. They presently affect the way in which regulatory agencies address waste and byproduct material use. These acts include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 1969), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, 1976, 1980), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilities Act (CERCLA) or Superfund (1980). 

Similarly to other environmental taxes, carbon taxes are defined as priced-based policy instruments for the correlated effects to increase the price of certain goods and services, thereby decreasing the quantity demanded. On the other side, tradable permits are defined as quantity-based environmental policy instrument. Although both policy instruments are MB, their implementation is different carbon taxes fix the marginal cost for carbon emissions and allow quantities emitted to adjust, whereas tradable permits fix the total amount of carbon emitted and allow price levels to change according to market forces. 

Whilst the book will be of obvious interest to anyone concerned with seawater environmental protection, it is believed that it will also be of interest to other groups of workers, including River Authorities who have to implement legal requirements regarding seawater pollution, oceanographers, fisheries experts and politicians who create and implement environmental policies, and the news media, who are responsible for making the general public aware of environmental matters. 

Capri E, Calliera M (2007) Pesticide monitoring in Italy and impact on environmental legislation/policy implementation. In Proceedings of the RISKBASE 1st Thematic Workshop, Lisbon, pp 60-63... 

The European Union (EU) environmental policy has put water protection and its sustainable management high on its agenda, reflected by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which is now in its implementation phase. 

In 2000, the European Commission issued a communication on the precautionary principle (EU 2000), in which it adopted a procedure for the application of this concept. The precautionary principle is not defined in the treaty, which prescribes it only once - to protect the environment. But in practice, its scope is much wider, beyond that of environmental policy, and, specifically where preliminary objective scientific evaluation, indicates that there are reasonable grounds for concern that the potentially dangerous effects on the environment, human, animal, or plant health may be inconsistent with the high level of protection chosen for the Community. The precautionary principle is implemented, for example, in the EU food law and also affects, among others, policies relating to consumer protection, trade and research, and technological development. 

Council on Environmental Quality CEQ provides policy advice on environmental matters implements National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) coordinates environmental concerns among other agencies... 

After the end of World War II, science was a major organizing factor in Sweden s focusing attention on possible health and environmental risks from humans discharge of chemicals into the environment. For many decades, Sweden has been hailed as an enviable example of how effective environmental policies based on sound expertise can be implemented to the benefit of its inhabitants, and in many respects this reputation is well deserved. For instance, it is now possible to catch salmon from bridges in Stockholm, and a steady stream of delegations from other nations has arrived to learn more about the Swedish model for environmental protection. 

Objectives, Instruments, and Institutions, Objectives, Instruments and Implementation, Environmental Policy Objectives, Instruments, and Implementation, Ed., D. Helm, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2000,... 

M. Glachant, The Need for Adaptability in EU Environmental Policy Design and Implementation, European Environment, 2001, 11, 5, 239. 

M. G. Morgan, The role of decision analysis in the implementation of environmental policies, OECD, ENV/CHEM/CH/83J, Annex, Geneve 1983. 

The EU greenhouse gas emission trading scheme constitutes a pathbreaking new chapter in EU environmental law and policy. It is the first continent-wide cap-and-trade scheme that has been put in place and several aspects of the implementation of the scheme created a formidable challenge for authorities at European and national level. Never before has an EU environmental policy created an economic asset whose annual value runs into the tens of billions of Euros and has set up a process of shared tasks among the European and national levels to organise the distribution of these valuable assets to private economic actors. 

The challenges discussed so far are predominantly of a technical nature. The EU greenhouse gas emission trading scheme is the first application of this environmental policy instrument at EU level and few Member States had previously implemented or considered the use of the instrument at national level.10 Therefore neither authorities charged with the task to develop the allocation plan nor stakeholders involved had much experience with an allocation process.11 This relative inexperience made the process design (see next point) even more challenging. In many cases know-how gaps had to be addressed as a first step towards... 

The National Environmental Policy Act was passed in 1969 and signed into law on January 1, 1970, as public law 91-190 (now found in 42 U.S.C. 4321-4370c). It was, and still remains, the first federal statute that required agencies to evaluate the impact of implementing major programs and alternatives in the early planning stages. This approach makes it the first, truly proactive environmental law. There are two titles in NEPA. Title I contains the declaration of National Environmental Policy while Title II establishes the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). 

The next step was to demonstrate, on a large scale, the feasibility of the processes developed at laboratory scale to separate and purify the waste solvent streams into their original components for reuse. An offer of co-financing was received from the European Union s LIFE — environment. LIFE (Financial Instrument for the Environment) is a financial instrument used by the European Commission to support the development and implementation of the Community environmental policy as described in their Fifth Community Action Programme. 

Under the 1997 VROM Environmental Policy, the Dutch government is implementing one of the first examples of national eco-limiting tracking, utilising macro-level indicators. National and environmental targets have seen set on climate change, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, toxic substances and solid waste dis-... 

The first step for any company that is serious about reducing its environmental impact is to formulate an environmental policy statement. To implement this policy, there will need to be sound environmental management in place, ideally encompassed within a well-thought-out corporate policy and strategy. Overall, there is a need for companies to convince their stakeholders that they are truly introducing policies that reduce environmental impact. The three main routes open to them are ... 

A management system that provides for the systematic implementation of environmental policy. Can be structured in accordance with an EMAS and/or ISO 14001. The provision of a framework for guiding an organisation to achieve and sustain environmental performance in accordance with established goals and objectives. The overall aim is a continuous improvement in environmental performance. 

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 along with the National Environmental Policy Act, which created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), put some strong measures into air pollution control enforcement. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for implementation of the statutes of this law. The first air pollutants covered by this law of concern to the fuels industry were SOx and NOx. Since the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, a series of additional U.S. Federal environmental laws affecting various industries have been passed ... 

United States Department of Navy (US Navy), U.S. Navy Range Sustainability Environmental Program Assessment Policy Implementation Manual, Revision 1, Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness Division (N45), November 2006. 

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