Neuritic plaques

Xia M, Qin S, McNamara M, Mackay C, Hyman BT (1997) lnterleukin-8 receptor B immunore-activity in brain and neuritic plaques of Alzheimer s disease. Am J Pathol 150 1267-1274 Xia MQ, Bacskai BJ, Knowles RB, Qin SX, Hyman BT (2000) Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on neurons and the elevated expression of its ligand IP-10 in reactive astrocytes in vitro ERKl/2 activation and role in Alzheimer s disease. J Neuroimmunol 108 227-235 Xia MQ, Qin SX, Wu LJ, Mackay CR, Hyman BT (1998) Immunohistochemical study of the beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 and their Ugands in normal and Alzheimer s disease brains. Am J Pathol 153 31-37... 

Landsberg, J.P., McDonald, B. and Watt, F. (1992). Absence of aluminium in neuritic plaque cores in Alzheimer s disease. Nature 360, 65-68. 

Pathologic hallmarks of the disease in the brain include neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques (senile plaques)... 

The pathologic hallmarks of the disease in the brain include neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques made up of various proteins, which result in a shortage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. These are primarily located in brain regions involved in learning, memory, and emotional behaviors such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, and amygdala.11... 

Alzheimer s disease Neuritic plaque Pittsburgh compound B... 

The most definitive diagnosis of AD is a postmortem examination of the brain for the presence of two characteristic lesions the neuritic plaque (NP) and the neurofibrillary tangle. Both structures were originally described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer using silver-based histological stains. The discovery of NPs was hailed as a watershed moment in the history of neurological disease as it helped shift society s perception of age-related dementia from social stigma to physical disease [2]. 

Abundant neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary lesions define Alzheimer s disease. Plaques are extracellular deposits made of the fibrillar P-amyloid peptide. The paired helical filament (PHF) makes up the bulk of the intraneuronal neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer s disease, with the straight filament (SF) being a minority species. 

Neuritic plaques, one of the pathological hallmarks of the disease, are composed of swollen neurites, extracellular deposits of Ap 40-42 peptides, (derived from P- and y-secretase cleavages of APP) and surrounding astrocytes and microglia. Neuritic AP plaques are... 

The signature findings are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), extracellular neuritic plaques, degeneration of neurons and synapses, and cortical atrophy. 

Neuritic plaques are lesions found in brain and cerebral vasculature. 

Figure 18.10 Characteristic inclusion bodies in neurodegenerative diseases, all labelled with antibodies (except (d)) as indicated, (a) and (b) HD intranuclear inclusion labelled for ubiquitin and huntingtin (cerebral cortex), (c) and (d) AD neuritic plaque labelled with AP (cerebral cortex) and silver stained, (e) and (f) PD, Lewy bodies labelled for ot-synuclein and phosphorylated a-synuclein (substantia nigra), (g) and (h) ALS labelled with ubiquitin and neurofilaments (medulla oblongata). (From Ross and Poirier, 2004. Reproduced by permission of Nature Publishing Group.)...

Neuroanatomical and neuropathological basis of Alzheimer s disease Histological features of Alzheimer s disease include neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Boiler and Duyckaerts 1997). Neuritic plaques are composed of extracellular deposits of j8-amyloid protein and apolipoprotein E and are found primarily in neocortex. j8-amyloid is derived from an amyloid precursor protein, and is suspected to be a chief causal factor in Alzheimer s disease pathology (Samuel et al. 1997). Neurofibrillary tangles are clusters of protein fibers found in the cell body and composed of tau protein, which normally serves as a cytoskeletal element. Neurofibrillary tangles progress from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus, and then to neocortical areas. 

Protein aggregation is a common feature of all of the chronic human neurode-generative disorders. The intraneuronal inclusions in many of these diseases contain deposits of ubiquitylated proteins, indicating that perturbations of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis may occur. The neuropathological hallmarks of AD are intraneuronal NFTs composed of hyperphosphorylated protein tau and extracellular amyloid plaques (12,23,24,191,207). Most of the ubiquitylated, hyperphosphorylated tau protein in NETs is monoubiquitylated, with the remainder polyubiquitylated, as the substrate of the 26S proteasome (258). The protein deposits in NET, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads in the cerebral cortex of AD patients and those with... 

Etienne P, Robitaille Y, Wood P, et al Nucleus basalis neuronal loss, neuritic plaques and choline acetyltransferase activity in advanced Alzheimer s disease. Neuroscience 19 1279-1291, 1986... 

FIGURE 12—14. Postmortem brain pathology defines what Alzheimer s disease is. Shown here are abnormal degenerative structures called neuritic plaques with amyloid cores. 

FIGURE 12—19. The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer s disease (part 4). Formation of numerous neuritic plaques eventually causes the neuron to stop functioning and even to die. 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia that affect the elderly population. The histopathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular deposits known as neuritic amyloid plaques and intraneuronal inclusions composed of hyperphosphorylated tangles enriched with tau proteins.1 The principal component of the neuritic plaques is aggregation of amyloid (A0), which is likely to play a role in the neurodegenerative process. The relative contribution of the various forms (soluble dimers, small oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils) of A0 to neuronal... 

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