Behavior maternal

FLYNN K M, FERGUSON s A, DELCLOS K B and NEWBOLD R R (2000b) Multigenerational exposure to genistein has no severe effects on maternal behavior in rats. Neurotoxicology. 21 (6) 997-1001. 

Birke L.A. and Sadler D. (1987). Differences in maternal behavior of rats and the sociosexual development of the offspring. Dev Psychobiol 20, 85-100. 

Del Cerro M., Chirino R Mayer A.D. and Rosenblatt J.S. (1995). Sex-differences in sensitisation latencies in maternal behavior induced in male and female rats after vomeronasal organ removal. Dev Psychobiol 28, 183 abs. 

Del Cerro M. and Cruz R. (1998). Role of the vomeronasal input in maternal behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinol 23, 905-926. 

Izquierdo M.A., Collado P., Segovia S., Guillamon A. and del Cerro M. (1992). Maternal behavior induced in male rats by bilateral lesions of the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract. Physiol Behav 52, 707-712. 

Lepri J.J., Wysocki C.J. and Vandenbergh, J.G. (1985). Mouse vomeronasal organ effects on chemosignal production and maternal behavior. Physiol Behav 35, 809-814. 

Levy F., Locatelli A., Piketty V., Tillet Y. and Poindron P. (1995). Involvement of the main but not the accessory olfactory system in maternal behavior of primiparous and multiparous ewes. Physiol Behav 57, 97-104. 

Levy F. and Poindron P. (1987). The importance of amniotic fluid for the establishment of maternal behavior in experienced and inexperienced ewes. Anim Behav 35, 1188-1192. 

Goodwin, P.J. Perez, V.J. Eatwell, J.C. Palet, J.L. and Jaworski, M.T. Phencyclidine Effects of chronic administration in the female mouse on gestation, maternal behavior, and the neonate. Psvchopharmacoloav (Berlin) 69 63-67, 1980. 

Francis, D., Diorio, J., Liu, D., Meaney, M. J. Nongenomic transmission across generations of maternal behavior... 

Barrett, B. and R. Howells. 1984. Legal control of standards lead in petrol. Sci. Total Environ. 33 1-13. Barrett, J. and PJ. Livesey. 1983. Lead induced alterations in maternal behavior and offspring development in the rat. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 5 557-563. 

Gonzalez-Mariscal, G. and Rosenblatt, J.S. (1996) Maternal behavior in rabbits. A historical and multidisciplinary perspective. In J.S. Rosenblatt and C.T. Snowdon (Eds.), Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 25, Parental Care Evolution, Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance. Academic Press, New York, pp. 333-360. 

In humans, studies of hormone and behavior interactions affecting maternal behavior have been limited to correlations between endogenous hormones and a variety of behavioral events normally associated with childbirth. Individual differences, of largely unknown origins, have a major impact on human parental behavior. In addition, child rearing experience is a powerful positive determinant of maternal responsivity, and the social environment, including the presence of supportive companions, can affect subsequent mother-infant interactions (Sosa, et al., 1980). 

Because oxytocin is a uniquely mammalian hormone with a critical role in both birth and lactation, it was an obvious candidate for involvement in maternal behavior. In fact oxytocin has been termed the hormone of mother love (Klopfer, 1971 Newton, 1973). As mentioned above, animal research offers support for this hypothesis (Pedersen, 1996). However, evidence implicating oxytocin in human behavior only recently has begun to accumulate, and direct evidence for a behavioral effect of oxytocin in humans remains to be demonstrated. 

Various autonomic, physiological and behavioral effects of oxytocin could contribute to the development and expression of maternal behavior (Uvnas-Moberg, 1996). Para-... 

Sexual behavior + Maternal behavior + Positive social behaviors + Verbal fluency... 

Corter, C. M., and Fleming, A. S. 1995. Psychobiology of maternal behavior in human beings. In M. H. Bornstein. Handbook of Parenting, Vol. 2 Biology and Ecology of Parenting. Mahwah, New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., pp. 87-116. 

Fleming, A. S., Steiner, M., and Anderson, V. 1987. Hormonal and attitudinal correlates of maternal behavior during the early postpartum period. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 5 193—205. 

Numan, M. Maternal behavior. In The Physiology of Reproduction. Second Edition. Ed. E. Knobil and J. D. Neill. New York Raven Press, pp. 221-302. 

Pedersen, C. A. 1996. Oxytocin control of maternal behavior Regulation by sex steroids and offspring stimuli. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, in press. 

Pedersen, C. A. and Prange, A. J, Jr. 1979. Induction of maternal behavior in virgin rats after intracerebroventricu-lar administration of oxytocin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 76 6661-6665. 

Pryce, C. R., Abbott, D. H., Hodges, J. K., and Martin, R. D. 1988. Maternal behavior is related to prepartum urinary estradiol levels in red-bellied tamarin monkeys. Physiology and Behavior 44 717-726. 

F Maternal behavior virgin F Retrieving pups Saito, 1986b... 

Deleting a cluster of 16 Vlr genes (2 of the 12 Vlr gene families representing about 12% of the Vlr repertoire) impairs sexual and maternal behavior. Gene-deficient male mice initiate fewer sexual encounters, and lactating females attack intruders less. Furthermore, both mutant male and female mice showed specific anosmia in that VNO did not respond to three of eight tested pheromonal compounds (6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone, n-pentyl acetate, and isobutylamine) (Del Punta etal., 2002). 

Genital stimulation during parturition stimulates many aspects of maternal behavior, including attraction to amniotic fluid and forming a selective bond with an alien lamb. This is possibly mediated by stimulation of oxytocin release, and/or activation of afferent noradrenergic pathways in the olfactory bulbs (Poindron etal, 1988). 

Dickinson, C. and Keverne, E. B. (1988). Importance of noradrenergic mechanisms in the olfactory bulbs for the maternal behavior of mice. Physiology and Behavior 43, 313-316. 

Kristal, M. B., Whitney, J. F., and Peters, L. C. (1981). Placenta on pup s skin accelerates onset of maternal behavior in non-pregnant rats. Animal Behaviour 29,82-85. 

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