Entities and Attributes

Figure 1.3 Entities and attributes for percolation extraction of oil from seeds.

The uncertain state of knowledge regarding the structure of emetine at that time is well exemphfied by the speculations of Staub (30) who incidentally obtained rubremetine bromide in yields of 45% by the use of bromine. Contrary to other workers (24) he regarded dehydroemetine as a separate entity and attributed to it formula XII analogous to oxyber-... 

Entity and attribute information Details about the information content of the data set, including entity types, their attributes, and the domains from which attribute values may be assigned. Examples are elevations, temperature, and so on. 

The type REFERENCE is a predefined generic type. For any ENTITY type E, the value of an structure attribute A of type REFERENCE (E) is a reference R to an entity ENT of type E (see "Entities and Attributes" on page 9). Sometimes it is necessary, that there is only one reference R to ENT. In this case A has to be of the type REF 0NLY(E). The parameter value of REFERENCE... 

The WORLD represents a complete CAD data base. It is characterized by a number of attributes that apply to the whole data base (and, consequently, also to the whole neutral file) as well as all the entities and attributes constituting the world scope. 

As CAD systems provide different levels of capabilities one cannot expect all systems to support the full schema in their pre- and post-processors. On the other hand, it must not be left to the choice of the implementer of processors which subset of entities and attribute he wants to support. Thus, this specification includes a definition of allowable subsets of the complete schema. These allowable subsets are characterized by a set of numbers, called levels. Such levels are used to identify... 

If you ve done any database design, you ll be familiar with the idea that every entity must have a unique key, which it is up to you to assign. The key is an explicit combination of the entity s attributes, and any two entities with the same attribute values are actually the same one. But in object-oriented design, we always assume an imphcit unique key. If you implement in an OO language or on an OO database, it provides the key for you otherwise, you make it explicit when you get to coding. 

Unifying disparate information sources into a single data model is an intrinsically difficult process. Even when the same kinds of information are collected in different places, it is done so for different reasons, which are reflected in data organization. A common example is extraction of information from scientific literature, where the goal is to make a collection of a particular kind of data. Since the origins of the data are research papers, such efforts often result in document databases where the article is the primary entity and the content is represented by various attributes (e.g., lists of referenced molecules). However, a document-oriented database is rarely suitable for the specific requirements of most scientific investigations. Such efforts often invert ... 

Assessment endpoint An explicit expression of the enviromnental value that is to be protected, operationally defined by an ecological entity and its attributes. For example, sahnon are valued ecological entities reproduction and age-class structure are some of their important attributes. Together salmon reproduction and age-class structure form assessment endpoints. 

Assessment end points are explicit expressions of the actual environmental value that is to be protected and they link the risk assessment to management concerns. Assessment end points include both a valued or key ecological entity and an attribute of that entity that is important to protect and that is potentially at risk. The scientific basis for a risk assessment is enhanced when assessment end points are both ecologically relevant and susceptible to the stressors of concern. Assessment endpoints that also logically represent societal values and management goals will increase the likelihood that the risk assessment will be understood and used in management decisions. 

Enter the process entities and associated attributes. Entities are the objects that move through the process—people, parts, raw materials, and so on. The entity attributes interact with the process and resource attributes and result in random outcomes during the simulation. For our skyscraper simulation, the entities are the elevator passengers. The attributes we ve identified include ... 

Information systems are often described in terms of the entities about which they manage information, the attributes that describe those entities, and the relationships between the entities. This approach to modeling the information is called entity-relationship modeling or E-R modeling. Patients, providers, specimens, and orders are examples of entities, and medical record number, provider identifier, accession number, and order number are all examples of attributes. The relationship between these entities is represented by a data structure that includes a particular patient identifica-... 

The very identification of some contaminating agent leads experimenters to explore analogical connections to processes found outside of the laboratory setting. If the experimental environment is known to behave in ways that are sufficiently similar to a known physical system, then experimenters construct certain material to block the interference. The system of forces, entities, and processes is attributed by analogy as the possible source of extraneous signal. 

The root of that graph schema is the node class ModelElement which carries common attributes for all modeling concepts like a name. This basic node class is specialized on the next inheritance level into the node class Entity and the node class Relationship (cf. part (a) of Fig. 5.60). 

Restricting constraints also exist for containment relations. These constraints describe which entities are allowed to be contained by another. For example, an Interface always belongs to an Application. The constraints are defined by the meta attribute EntityContextType of the node class Entity and, therefore, they are limited to the type level. 

Entity and Association. The attributes of the node RelationshipEnd are visu-... 

An object class represents a set of real-world entities with similar properties and behavior (e.g., a DNA array) or domain abstraction of such entities (a DNA array type). Boxes in diagrams represent obj ect classes, with the class name written above the horizontal line and attributes Hsted below the hne. 

FIGURE 2.2 A semantic network of a molecule describing the relationship between entities with the relational terms consists of or defines and their attributes with the term has. Following the route from the molecule we can relate structure to substructure, functional group, and atom. The atom entity provides attributes, such as partial charge or polarizability, which finally are part of the definition of biological activity. 

Spaccapietra and Parent [1994] work in the context of ERC+ [Spaccapietra et al. 1992], which extends an early version of entity relationship diagrams [Chen 1976]. In ERC+, there are three basic types of objects attributes, entities, and relationships. While there are differences between ERC+ and Chen s original ER diagram, for the purposes of this paper, the primary difference is that ERC+ allows complex attributes (i.e., attributes can have subattributes) (Fig. 8.1). 

Fig. 8.1 An example ERC+ diagram. The entities are represented by rectangles, the relationships are represented by diamonds, and attributes are represented by plain text...

More recently, 5-HT3 receptors have become an established entity. Actions attributable to stimulation and inhibition of this receptor subtype, both centrally and peripherally, have been described, and some potential antagonists are in clinical trials. Therapeutic benefits are expected in the CNS and in gastrointestinal disorders. 

A compelling question confronting clinicians is how to optimally treat acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Over the past several decades, it has become clear that early recanalization of the infarct-related artery (IRA) is pivotal. How to best achieve this objective remains hotly debated. Some argue that thrombolysis is the preferred modality. Others promulgate primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Some advocate a combination, conventionally denoted as facilitated PCI. However, thrombolysis does not literally facilitate PCI. It may, in fact, render it more difficult. Furthermore, the combination deserves to be denoted as a specific entity with attributes that may be synergistic. Thus, we shall refer to the combination as pharmacoinvasive therapy. To better understand the potential synergies of thrombolysis and acute infarct PCI, it is instructive to carefully consider the evolution of recanalization therapy itself. 

Object-oriented DBMS design is based on appropriate linking of objects, or data items or entities, and the operations on these, such that the information and processing is concentrated on the object classes, attributes, and messages that transfer between them. The features that set object-oriented approaches from other approaches are the capability of object-oriented languages to support abstraction, information hiding, and modularity. The items used in object-oriented DBMS design are objects. 

Automated definition of model entities, their attributes, and rules for their interaction... 

Structure Is a set of entities and relatimis among entities cmmected in a meaningful way. Entities are perceived in the form of their attributes when the system is in operation. For example, in Fig. 1 the structure is represented by an electric motor and a crank mechanism. Here, the two possible entities (structures) are the lengths of the bars Lj and L2. 

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