Energy homeostasis

The diffuse nature of orexinergic projections is consistent with combined patterns of expression of the two orexin receptors, which is widespread but differential and often complementary within and even outside the CNS. OX2Rs are found primarily in structures attributed to control of sleq)-wake functions, whereas OXIRs are more abundant in limbic structures controlling aspects of feeding, autonomic outflow, energy homeostasis, and to a lesser extent also REM-sleq). 

Wallimann, T., Wyss. M., Brdicza, D., Nicolay, K.. Eppenberger, H.M. (1992). Intracellular compartmentation. structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands The phosphocreatine circuit for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem. J. 281,21-40. 

Cowley, M. A., Smith, R. G., Diano, S. et al. (2003). The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 37, 649-61. 

Sakurai T. (2005). Roles of orexin/hypocretin in regulation of sleep/wakefulness and energy homeostasis. Sleep Med. Rev. 9, 231-41. 

CHRISTOPHER M. SINTON is Associated Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. A winner of several awards, including the Phillipe Foundation Fellowship for Neuroscience Research, his current research interests focus on the relationship between sleep and energy homeostasis. 

Sakurai, T. Orexin a link between energy homeostasis and adaptive behavior. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 6 353-360, 2003. 

L. K. Larsen, G. Hansen, S. Chelur, A. N. Madsen, K. Lykkegaard, M. T. Christensen, P. J. Larsen and N. Vrang, Keystone Symposium. Obesity Peripheral and Central Pathways Regulating Energy Homeostasis, Keystone, CO, 14-19 January 2007, Abstract 222. 

Neuropeptide Y Y, Human cell line Diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer s disease, anxiety, depression, congestive heart failure, hypertension, ulcers, pain Vasoconstriction, orexigenic effects, energy homeostasis, neuroprotection... 

Contrasting with rodents, BAT is found in small amounts in adult humans. It has been proposed that skeletal muscle rather than BAT may play a pivotal role in energy homeostasis in adult humans. The authors also demonstrated that cultured human skeletal muscle myoblasts express D2 and high levels of TGR5, and a number of common bile acids (cholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid) were able to increase cAMP levels concomitant with increased D2 activity (Figure 7.4). Taurocholic acid was also able to... 

Failure Marked impairment of energy homeostasis with volume contraction impaired mitochondrial reductive activity with decreased ATP concentration (e.g., MTT, Alamar blue) organelle and cell swelling and distortion, cell lysis with intracellular enzyme release (e.g., LDFf release)... 

Signals that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. 

Gagliardino JJ. Physiological endocrine control of energy homeostasis and postprandial blood glucose levels. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2005 9 75-92. 

Nishino S, Ripley B, Overeem S, Nevsimalova S, Lammers GJ, Vankova J, Okun M, Rogers W, Brooks S, Mignot E (2001) Low CSF hypocretin (orexin) and altered energy homeostasis in human narcolepsy. Ann Neurol 50 381-388... 

Beuckmann CT, Yanagisawa M (2002) Orexins from neuropeptides to energy homeostasis and sleep/wake regulation. J Mol Med 80 329-342... 

Xing, Y., Musi, N., Fujii, N., Zou, L., Luptak, I., Hirshman, M. F., Goodyear, L. J., and Tian, R. 2003. Glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in mouse hearts overexpressing dominant negative alpha2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 278 28372-28377. 

P. falciparum Adenylate Kinase (PfAK). PfAK helps the parasite meet the high demand for adenine nucleotide interconversion and energy homeostasis within the infected RBC. One study investigated the ATP concentrations in infected erythrocytes and found that ATP levels are kept constant throughout the host and parasite compartments and that this equalization of ATP concentration is accomplished in part by host and parasite adenylate kinase activities... 

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