Waking function

The diffuse nature of orexinergic projections is consistent with combined patterns of expression of the two orexin receptors, which is widespread but differential and often complementary within and even outside the CNS. OX2Rs are found primarily in structures attributed to control of sleq)-wake functions, whereas OXIRs are more abundant in limbic structures controlling aspects of feeding, autonomic outflow, energy homeostasis, and to a lesser extent also REM-sleq). 

These two quantities, the expectation value and the norm of the wake function, are solutions of a set of coupled recurrent relations, as for the two-leg ladder case. In this case, they are simpler because the selected LC, MC and NNIF. are orthogonal we don t have then to consider quantities as Dfq and Ty and, finally, we get only two coupled recurrent relations instead of four in the previous section... 

Walsh JK, Hartman PG, Schweitzer PK. Slow-wave sleep deprivation and waking function. J Sleep Res 1994 3(1) 16-25. 

A variety of known sleep disorders have been documented to affect waking function. Sleep apnea is one example that can degrade waking alertness and performance and has been shown to increase risk for car accidents (64,65). Healthy sleep activities could range from informational materials to actual diagnostic screening of individuals in safety-sensitive positions. 

This chapter will review all of the behavioral and environmental interventions that may act as countermeasures to the disruptive effects of sleep loss on waking function. The literature addressing this question is very limited, not well organized, and quite diverse. Many questions remain unanswered. Before reviewing the evidence regarding countermeasures, we will provide a conceptual analysis of the issues surrounding them. 

Schneider-Helmert D. Twenty-four-hour sleep-wake function and personality patterns in chronic insomniacs and healthy controls. Sleep 1987 10 452-462. 

The duration of the problem determines whether transient or chronic insomnia underlies sleep loss. Transient insomnia refers to no more than a few nights of poor sleep, which generally results from challenges such as (a) acute illness, (b) stress, (c) suboptimal circadian time for sleep, or (d) a disruptive sleep environment. In the absence of these challenges the individuals typically sleep normally. That is, they judge their sleep to be satisfactory. It is reasonable to conclude, therefore, that the impact of transient insomnia on waking function can be extrapolated from partial sleep deprivation research conducted in normal sleepers. Such studies limit the amount of sleep obtained, on one or more nights, just as in the case of transient insomnia. 

Pharmacological Approaches to Maintaining and Improving Waking Functions... 

FIGURE 633 Coles law of the wake function in The value of ft recommended in regions of zero or posi-Eq. 6.149 [81]. tive pressure gradients is... 

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