Endrin degradation

Under laboratory conditions, endrin degraded to other compounds in a variety of soils maintained at 45 °C. Except for Rutledge sand, endrin disappeared or was transformed in the following soils after 24 h Lynchburg loamy sand. Magnolia sandy loam. Magnolia sandy clay loam, Greenville sandy clay, and Susquehanna sandy clay. No products were identified (Bowman et al., 1965). 

Figure 1. Keto-endrin, identified by Matsumura et al. (7) as a product of endrin degradation by soil microorganisms...

Soil Microbial degradation of endrin in soil formed several ketones and aldehydes of which A to-endrin was the only metabolite identified (Kearney and Kaufinan, 1976). In eight Indian rice soils, endrin degraded rapidly to low concentrations after 55 days. Degradation was highest in a pokkali soil and lowest in a sandy soil (Gowda and Sethu-nathan, 1976). 

Endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone were never commercial products, but occurred as impurities of endrin or as degradation products (EPA 1985e IARC 1974 SRI 1987). While commercial preparations of solid endrin were typically 95-98% pure, the following chemicals (in addition to endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone) have been found as trace impurities aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin, heptachloronorbomadiene, and heptachloronorborene (HSDB 1995). The active ingredient would often be mixed with one or more organic solvents for application in a liquid form. Carriers included xylene, hexane, and cyclohexane (HSDB 1995 Zabik et al. 1971). 

In spite of its low vapor pressure, endrin has been found to volatilize significantly (20-30%) from soils within days after application (Nash 1983). In air, endrin will be primarily absorbed to particulates which may be re-entrained to soil or surface water via wet or dry deposition. Laboratory studies have indicated that a predominant mechanism for the transformation and degradation of endrin in air under field conditions is via photochemical reactions and rearrangements to yield primarily endrin ketone, with minor... 

Because virtually all uses of endrin in the United States were voluntarily canceled by 1986 (Bishop 1984, 1985, 1986 EPA 1993e USDA 1995) (see Section 4.3), releases to the environment of endrin, or of endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone which occur as impurities or degradation products of endrin, have decreased dramatically over the last decade. 

No information could be found in the available literature on the transformation and degradation of endrin ketone in water. 

Little information could be found in the available literature on the transformation and degradation of endrin aldehyde in sediment and soil. By analogy to aquatic systems, neither hydrolysis nor oxidation (via... 

Patil KC, Matsumura F, Boush GM. 1970. Degradation of endrin, aldrin, and DDT by soil microorganisms. Appl Microbiol 19 879-881. 

Surface Water. Algae isolated from a stagnant fish pond degraded 24.4% of the applied endrin to ketoendrin (Patil et al., 1972). 

Two common pesticides Endrin and DDT are susceptible to decomposition on dirty injection port. The former oxidizes to Endrin aldehyde and Endrin ketone, while the latter degrades to 4,4 -DDE and 4.4 -DDD. If degradation of either of these analytes exceeds 20%, corrective action should be taken before performing calibration. The percent breakdown is calculated as follows ... 

Endrin from Cotton. While the application of endrin to cotton leads to runoff immediately to the field, dilution and degradation reduce the concentration to barely discernible levels (< 10 p.p.t.) within a short distance on a watercourse from the treated field. While a fraction of the endrin reaches the soil surface, the concentration does not accumulate by multiple sprays during the growing season. Endrin concentration in the mud of a watercourse receiving the runoff is low and was analytically nil in our tests. Fish taken in the same watercourse have barely detectable, if any, endrin. 

This review summarizes some of the proposed products and pathways of the anaerobic degradation of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Some aerobic work is included because the organisms studied existed anaerobically in the environment. The most work has been conducted with DDT and related compounds. There is some information on dieldrin with less on endrin and lindane. The other chlorinated hydrocarbons have received little attention. 

The cyclodiene pesticides, dieldrin and endrin, are degraded by microorganisms. Many of the isolates tested were obtained from soils that had been treated with dieldrin. Generally, this work was carried out aerobically, but the cultures were not aerated. Some facultative anaerobes may have similar reactions under oxygen-deflcient and anaerobic conditions. One study included organisms that are anaerobic in... 

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