72- 20-8 Endrin

Endrin is a commercially used insecticide and rodenticide and is persistent through the aquatic food chains. Production of this chemical in the United States has been stopped. It has been classified in EPA Group E. 

Equivocal results have been found in geno-toxic assays, but endosulfan was mutagenic and clastogenic and induced effects on cell cycle kinetics in various in vivo and in vitro tests.  

In reproductive smdies, male rats treated at 3.0 mg/kg from day 15 to 21 of gestation had reduced sperm production in adulthood.  

The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) is 

Chugh SN, Dhawan R, Agrawal N, et al Endosulfan poisoning in northern India A report of 18 cases. Int J Clin Pharm Ther 36(9 474 77, 1998 

Terziev Z, Dimitrova N, Rusev F Forensic medical and forensic chemical study of acute lethal poisonings with thiodan. Folia Med 16 325-329, 1974 

Colorless to tan solid with a mild odor decomposes at 245°C (473°F) vapor pressure 2 X 10 torr at 25°C (77°F) insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. 

Extremely toxic to experimental animals by all routes of exposure also, highly toxic to humans and animals by ingestion or skin absorption toxic effects similar to those of aldrin and dieldrin symptoms—headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, insomnia, confusion, stupor, convulsions, tremors, rise in blood pressure, fever, frothing of mouth, deafness, coma, and respiratory failure stimulant to central nervous system  

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Endrin [72-20-8] is l,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-l,4,4t ,5,8,8t -hexahydro-6,7-epoxy-l,4- <7o, <7o-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (35) (mp 245 dec, vp 0.022 mPa at 25°C) and is soluble in water to 23 / g/L. It is produced by a Diels-Alder reaction of hexachloronorbomadiene with cyclopentadiene, followed by epoxidation. This reaction produces the endo,endo isomer of dieldrin, which is less stable and more toxic with rat LD q values of 17.8 and 7.5 (oral) and 15 (dermal) mg/kg. It is used as a cotton insecticide but because of its high toxicity to fish it has been restricted. 

DDD (p,f-TD E) endosulfan and metaboHtes a-endo sulfan- alpha P-endosulfan-beta endosulfan sulfate endrin and metaboHtes endrin... 

Lindane is one of eight different hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), C H Cl, isomers and its Chemical Abstract n.2cniQ is la, 2a 3P, 4a, 5a 6P-hexachlorocyclohexane [58-89-9] (y-HCH or y-BHC, ben2ene hexachloride) (80). Commercial products containing lindane are marketed as either a mixture of isomers or as the pure y-BHC isomer. Not unexpectedly, lindane is a highly stable lipophilic compound and it has been used extensively worldwide as an insecticide. In contrast, hexachloropentadiene, C Cl, is an extremely reactive industrial intermediate used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a broad range of cyclodiene-derived pesticides, which include endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, and several different organohalogen flame retardants (81). 

Aldrin, chlordecone (Kepone), 2,4-D, DDT and metabolites, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, f]- and y-HCH (lindane), linuron, methoxychlor, mirex... 

The variation in toxicity of common organophosphate insecticides is exemplified in Table 5.37. The range of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (Table 5.38) have, with the exception of Endrin and Isodrin, somewhat lower oral and dermal toxicities. The toxicities of a range of oilier insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and rodenticides are summarized in Table 5.39. 

Dust, inert or nuisance respirable total Emery Endrin... 

Endrin 0.002 0.002 Nervous system effects Residue of banned insecticide... 

Figure 15.1 Separation of pesticides from butter by using LC-GC-ECD. Peak identification is as follows 1, HCB 2, lindane 5, aldrin 7, o,p -DDE 10, endrin 11, o,p -DDT 13, p,p -DDT peaks 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15 and 16 were not identified. Adapted from Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 13, R. Barcarolo, Coupled EC-GC a new method for the on-line analysis of organchlorine pesticide residues in fat , pp. 465-469, 1990, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

Otriven (CIBA Vision) Pertix Hommel (Hommel) Rapako (Truw) schnupfen endrine (Asche) Stas Nasenspray (Stada) Xylo-COMOD (Ursapharm)... 

The reagent sequence is specific for endosulfan and phosphamidon. Other insecticides, e.g. organochlorine insecticides, such as endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT and BHC, organophosphorus insecticides, such as malathion, parathion, dimethoate, quinalphos, phorate and fenitrothion, or carbamate insecticides, such as baygon, car-baryl and carbofuran do not react. Neither is there interference from amino acids, peptides or proteins which might be extracted from the biological material together with the pesticides. 

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