Cell culture endothelial cells

Legare ME Texas A M University, College Station, TX Molecular changes in astroglia and endothelial cells in culture following exposure to low levels of Pb (rat) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

The study on the differential expression of various candidate targets by two different endothelial cells in culture revealed that the major effect of HU was restricted to ET-1 and ICAM-1 and to a limited extent to VCAM-1 in both cell types [26]. Hence only these factors will be discussed in detail. 

Fig. 11.3 Effect of HU on ET-1 mRNA expression in the TrHBMEC (a) and EA-hy 926 (b) endothelial cells in culture. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the level of ET-1 mRNA in at least four independent experiments in duplicate. Results are expressed in percentage of residual ET-1 mRNA expression for HU-treated cells as compared to the control (culture with or without cytokines). The TATA-binding protein mRNA was used as an internal control. The abbreviations are the same as in the legend for Figure 11.2.

Brun M, Bourdoulous S, Couraud PO, Elion J, Krishnamoorthy R, La-poum roulie C. Effect of hydroxyurea on endothelial cells in culture [abstract] 25th annual meeting of the National Sickle Cell Disease Program. New York, NY, USA 2001 p 42a. 

Phelan M, Perrine SP, Brauer M, Faller DV. Sickle erythrocytes, after sickling, regulate the expression of the en-dothelin-1 gene and protein in human endothelial cells in culture. J Clin Invest 1995 96 1145-1151. 

Fig. 9.2. Physiological concentrations of estradiol decrease the production of F2a-isoprostanes in medium from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. (From Hermenegildo et al. 2002)...

Considering the spatial geometry of cerebral capillaries and capillary blood flow, a number of dynamic models of the blood-brain barrier have been developed, in which endothelial cells are cultured inside a permeable tube, the outer surface of which is coated with astrocytes. Supply of the cells with nutrients and artificial blood flow are maintained by using a peristaltic pump system [112, 113]. 

Endothelial cells in culture need a constant supply of growth factors such as FGFs and VEGF in order to continue cell cycling. In most cultures the addition of serum to the culture medium is sufficient to maintain a low level of endothelial cell proliferation. Cells cultured this way can be subcultured at a split ratio of 1 3 for four to five passages without significant... 

Garberg et al. compared a number of in vitro cell models of the BBB with in vivo data (including primary cow and human brain endothelial cells co-cultured with astrocytes, MDCK, MDCK-MDRl, Caco-2, ECV304/C6, MBEC4, SV-ARBEC cocultured with astrocytes). The best correlation, although poor, was seen with cow brain endothelial cells (r 0.43) and MDCK (r 0.46). The correlation was improved with Caco-2 when only passively transported compounds were included in the analysis (r = 0.86), BBEC showing a similar correlation [39]. 

Our laboratory, in conjunction with the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, conducted a series of experiments to study the incorporation of cell binding components. A composite was produced by grafting an MDI-based hydrophilic polyurethane to a 30-pore-per-inch polyether reticulated foam using no surfactants. A flbronectant solution was added to discs of the composite foam. The discs were then inoculated with endothelial cells and cultured. 

Zhao X, Gu Z, Attele AS, Yuan C-S. 1999. Effects of quercetin on the release of endothelin, prostacyclin and tissue plasminogen activator from human endothelial cells in culture. J Ethnopharmacol 67 279-285. 

Dugas, T.R., Morel, D.W., and Harrison, E.H. 1998. Impact of LDL carotenoid and alpha-tocopherol content on LDL oxidation by endothelial cells in culture. J. Lipid Res. 39, 999-1007. 

Lechardeur D, Scherman D. Functional expression of the P-glycoprotein mdr in primary cultures of bovine cerebral capillary endothelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 1995 11(5) 283—293. 

S. L. Lee and B. L Rmburg. Serotonin uptake by bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture. ] Charatterization. Am. J. PkysiaL 2JftC7fi]-C765 (1986)... 

Ramasamy, S., Wang, E., Pfennig, B., and Merrill, A. H., Jr. (1995). Fumonisin B1 alters sphingolipid metabolism and disrupts the barrier function of endothelial cells in culture. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 133(2), 343-348. 

Faehling M, Koch ED, Raithel J, Trischler G, Waltenberger J (2001) Vascular endothelial growth factor-a activates Ca2+-activated K+ channels in human endothelial cells in culture. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 33 337-346... 

Hessler, J.R., Robertson, A.L. Jr, and Chisolm, G.M., 1979, LDL-induced cytotoxicity and its inhibition by HDL in human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in culture, Atherosclerosis 32 213-229. 

Sharma, S., Vinh, j., Vaubourdolle, M., Baudin, B. (2003). Proteomic study of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Proteomics 3, 714—723. 

Gospodarowicz, D., Greenburg, G., Vlodavsky, 1., Alvarado, J. and Johnson, L. K. (1979). The identification and localization of fibronectin in cultured corneal endothelial cells cell surface polarity and physiological implications. Exp. Eye Res. 29,485-509. 

Hewett PW and Murray JC. Human microvessel endothelial cells isolation, culture and characterization. In vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim29A 823-830,1993. 

O Brien RF, Robbins RJ, McMurtry IF. Endothelial cells In culture produce a vasoconstrictor substance. J Cell Physiol 1987 132 263-270. 

Evans SM, Giddings JC, MurakiT, Yamamoto J. Expression of von Willebrand factor, P-selectin (CD62P) and thrombomodulin in human endothelial cells in culture modulated by cyclosporin A. Clin Lab Haematol 1997 19 115-122. 

Fig. 2. Comparison of viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture media treated with and without ATP-vesicles before and after 6 h of anoxia...

Although absent from the surface of resting endothelial cells in culture the expression of VCAM-1 is induced by IL-1, IL-4, and TNF-a but not IFN-y.44-46 Endothelial VCAM-1 supports the adhesion of lymphocytes and monocytes (but not neutrophils) through interaction with VLA-4,45 47 and this recognition mechanism could lead to the accumulation of mononuclear cells during the transition from acute to chronic inflammation. It appears that VCAM-1 also underlies eosinophil and basophil adhesion to activated endothelium.48... 

Chappey O, Wautier MP, Wautier JL (1995) Endothelial cells in culture a model to study in vitro vascular toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 9(4) 411 19... 

Stegeman, J., M. Hahn, R. Weisbrod, B. Woodin, J. Joy, S. Najibi and R. Cohen. Induction of cytochrome P4501A1 by aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in porcine aorta endothelial cells in culture and cytochrome P4501A1 activity in intact cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 47 296-306, 1995. 

Ceriello A, dello Russo P, Amstad P, Cerutti P. High glucose induces antioxidant enzymes in human endothelial cells in culture. Evidence linking hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Diabetes 1996 45 471 77. 

Studies of the pathophysiology of acute renal failure has classically considered both tubular and vascular mechanisms [227,228]. In vitro techniques isolating either the vascular or tubular components have been developed. For example, the use of isolated proximal tubules in suspension or in culture allows the study of tubular mechanisms of injury in the absence of vascular factors [229] [230]. There are both in vitro and in vivo models to study vascular injury in the kidney. In vitro models include the study of vascular smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells in culture. In this section, the in vivo methods to evaluate the renal micro-circulation will be discussed. This is of relevance as many nephrotoxins exert their deleterious effects through pharmacologic actions on the resistance vasculature with parenchymal injury occurring as a consequence of ischemia. In clinical practice nephrotoxins may cause prerenal azotemia as a result of increased renal vascular resistance. Nephrotoxins that cause acute renal failure on a vascular basis include prostaglandin inhibitors e.g. aspirin, non-steroidal anti-... 

For example, glomerular microvascular endothelial cells in culture should maintain the characteristic fenestration, the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies (both observed by transmission electron microscopy), the basal expression of von Willebrand factor and CD 31 (plate-let-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1) and the binding of lectin Ulex Europaeus (for human cells) [18,19]. 

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