Encephalitogenic protein

In brief, EAE can be induced by immunization with several encephalitogenic proteins from myelin, most notably MBP, PLP and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). MBP was the first protein shown to cause EAE, and this classical form of the disease is mediated primarily by CD4+, MHC class II restricted T cells, because it can be transferred from an immunized animal to a naive animal using these cells. These data document the importance of CD4+ lymphocytes for EAE induction, but additional pathogenic roles for other T cell populations are possible, especially in later stages of the disease. Also, there is... 

Vojdani, A., Campbell, A.W., Anyanwu, E., Kashanian, A., Bock, K., Vojdani, E. 2002. Antibodies to neuron-specific antigens in children with autism possible cross-reaction with encephalitogenic proteins from milk, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Streptococcus group A.. / Neuroimmunol. 129, 168-177. 

Bergstrand, H. Isolation and Partial Characterization of Some Proteolytically and Chemically Derived Fragments of Bovine Encephalitogenic Protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 21, 116-124 (1971). 

Chao, L., and E. R. Einstein Localization of the Active Site Through Chemical Modification of the Encephalitogenic Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 245 (23), 6397-6403 (1970). 

Stefferl, A., Schubart, A., Storch, M., Amini, A., Mather, I., Lassmann, H., Linington, C. 2000. Butyrophilin, a milk protein, modulates the encephalitogenic T cell response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 165, 2859-2865. 

Fujinami RS, Olds tone MB (1985) Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and vims Mechanism for autoimmunity. Science 230 1043—1045. 

McRae BL, Kennedy MK, Tan LJ, Dal Canto MC, Picha KS, Miller SD (1992) Induction of active and adoptive relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using an encephalitogenic epitope of proteolipid protein. J Neuroimmunol 38 229-240. 

Dal Canto MC, Calenoff M A, Miller SD, Vanderlugt CL (2000) Lymphocytes from mice chronically infected with Theiler s murine encephalomyelitis virus produce demyelination of organotypic cultures after stimulation with the major encephalitogenic epitope of myelin proteolipid protein. Epitope spreading in TMEV infection has functional activity. J Neuroimmunol 104 79-84. 

Powell, M. B., Mitchell, D., Lederman, J., Buckmeier, J., Zamvil, S. S., Graham, M., Ruddle, N. H., and Steinman, L., Lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-a production by myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones correlates with encephalitogenicity, Int. Immunol., 2, 539, 1990. 

Little is known about the specific requirements of the enzyme. Guinea pig brain enzyme specifically methylates only Arg-107 of the 19 arginine residues in an encephalitogenic basic protein of human myelin (204). The same residue is also methylated in a similar protein from monkey, bovine, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, chicken, and turtle (209). The amino acid sequence around Arg-107 of the bovine basic protein is... 

Essentially similar results have been obtained by Eylar and co-workers " on the biosynthesis of bovine submaxillary mucin. The enzyme is firmly bound to a membrane solubilization by Triton X-100 results in a large increase in enzymic activity." The enzyme was purified by gel filtration, and its properties were studied. Among various substances studied, the only one (besides carbohydrate-free mucins) that was active as the acceptor of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose was a basic protein, called encephalitogen, isolated from bovine, spinal-cord myelin. ... 

Fife, B.T. et al. (2001) CXCLIO (IFN-gamma-indudble protein-10) control of encephalitogenic CD4 -L T cell accumulation in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md 1950), 166, 7617-7624. 

Vajkoczy, P., Laschinger, M., and Engelhardt, B. (2001). Alpha4-integrin-VCAM-l binding mediates G protein-independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 557-565. 

Although the encephalitogenic effect of brain or spinal cord homogenate had been known for many years, it was the separation of two proteins, homogeneous by ultracentri-fugational and electrophoretic criteria, that promoted further research. These were a collagen-like protein with low EAE activity [124], and a basic protein obtained by a different... 

Myelin encephalitogenic basic protein Single Trp-residue alkylated loss of neurological activity (77)... 

---