Epitope spreading

Zhu, J., Pelidou, S. H., Deretzi, G. et al. P0 glycoprotein peptides 56-71 and 180-199 dose-dependently induce aucte and chronic experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats associated with epitope spreading. /. Neuroimmunol. 114 99-106,2001. 

Steinman, L., Despite epitope spreading in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, highly restricted approaches to immune therapy may still succeed [with a hedge on this bet], J. Autoimmun., 14, 278, 2000. 

Proteolysis and use of monoclonal antibodies proved that (3-lg possesses many allergenic epitopes spread all over the 3-lg structure (Clement et al. 2002). Major human IgE epitopes for (3-lg amino acid fragments are composed of residues A A 41-60, 102-124, and 149-162 intermediate 1-8, 25-40, and 92-100 and minor 9-14, 84-91, 125-135, and 78-83 (Selo et al. 1999). Similar IgE epitope regions (AA 21-40,40-60,107-117, and 148-168) were reported for rat as an animal model of P-lg allergy (Fritsche et al. 2005, Miller et al. 1999). 

Another critical determinant in the cascade of events leading to MS lesion development is antigen presentation. Antigen presenting cell (APC)/T-cell activation involves at least four major processes (1) Molecular mi mi cry, (2) Epitope spreading, (3) Bystander activation, and (4) Cryptic antigen... 

Varrderiugt CL, Miller SD (2002) Epitope spreading in immune-mediated diseases Implications for immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2 85—95. 

In any chronic autoimmune inflammatory concUdon, several andgens may be involved via epitope spreading (Lehmann et al., 1992), making it difficult to idendfy the culprit andgen in an individual padent. Moreover, andbodies display a variety of affinides and avicUdes and some may acdvate the complement cascade while others may not (Janeway et al.,... 

Dal Canto MC, Calenoff M A, Miller SD, Vanderlugt CL (2000) Lymphocytes from mice chronically infected with Theiler s murine encephalomyelitis virus produce demyelination of organotypic cultures after stimulation with the major encephalitogenic epitope of myelin proteolipid protein. Epitope spreading in TMEV infection has functional activity. J Neuroimmunol 104 79-84. 

Miller SD, Katz-Levy Y, Neville KL, Vanderlugt CL (2001) Virus-induced autoimmunity Epitope spreading to myelin autoepitopes in Theiler s virus infection of the central nervous system. Adv Virus Res 56 199-217. 

Bolton WK, Chen L, Helhnark T, et al. Epitope spreading and autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats induced by a T cell epitope of Goodpasture s antigen. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005 16 2657-2666. 

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