Emulsion, minimizing

T. M. McCullough. Emulsion minimizing corrosion inhibitor for naphtha/water systems. Patent US 5062992,1991. 

Emulsion, minimizing of, 37, 31 Enanthaldehyde, 34, SI ENANTHALDEHYDE, C-METHYL-/3-OXO-, DIMETHYL ACETAL, 32, 79 Enanthic acid, e-oxo, 31, 3 Epichlorohydrin, 31, 1 Esterification, by azeotropic distillation with toluene, 30, 30, 31 of coumalic acid with methanol, 36, 44 of diethoxyacetic acid, 35, 59 of ethanol with phosphorus trichloride,... 

Uses High m.w. polymer for oil field water clarification coalesces oil particles, allows broad treatment level without over-treatment resolves oil-in-water emulsions minimizes oil carry-over in water injection systems helps to break oil and water emulsions in coalescers, precipitators, gun barrels, skimmers, and other oilfield water handling equip. improves phase separation in dispersed gas flotation systems... 

Features Hydrophilic longer lasting perfonnance highly durable silicone-free applied neat or as aq. emulsion minimal effect on fabric Ihennal bonding performance... 

Although most of the particulate in the off-gas from the furnace can be captured by the electrostatic precipitators before condensing the phosphoms, some carryover into the product is inevitable. This particulate is partly separated into the condenser water. The remainder reports to the phosphoms to yield either dirty product or a stable emulsion called phosphoms mud or sludge. Over many years a variety of approaches have been used to minimize the formation of sludge and to recover phosphoms product from the sludge. 

Emulsification is essential for the development of all types of skin- and hair-care preparations and a variety of makeup products. Emulsions (qv) are fine dispersions of one Hquid or semisoHd ia a second Hquid (the contiauous phase) with which the first substance is not miscible. Generally, one of the phases is water and the other phase is an oily substance oil-ia-water emulsions are identified as o/w water-ia-oil emulsions as w/o. When oil and water are mixed by shaking or stirring ia the absence of a surface-active agent, the two phases separate rapidly to minimize the iaterfacial energy. Maintenance of the dispersion of small droplets of the internal phase, a requirement for emulsification, is practical only by including at least one surface-active emulsifier ia the oil-and-water blend. 

The Karr column is particularly well suited for systems which tend to emulsify since its uniform shear characteristics tend to minimize emulsion formation. It is also particularly well suited for corrosive systems (since the plates can be constructed of non-metals) or for systems containing significant solids (due to its large open area and hole size on the plates). Slurries containing up to 30 percent solids have been successfully processed in Karr columns. 

The main purpose of pesticide formulation is to manufacture a product that has optimum biological efficiency, is convenient to use, and minimizes environmental impacts. The active ingredients are mixed with solvents, adjuvants (boosters), and fillers as necessary to achieve the desired formulation. The types of formulations include wettable powders, soluble concentrates, emulsion concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, water-dispersible granules, dry granules, and controlled release, in which the active ingredient is released into the environment from a polymeric carrier, binder, absorbent, or encapsulant at a slow and effective rate. The formulation steps may generate air emissions, liquid effluents, and solid wastes. 

A semi-batch reactor has the same disadvantages as the batch reactor. However, it has the advantages of good temperature control and the capability of minimizing unwanted side reactions by maintaining a low concentration of one of the reactants. Semi-batch reactors are also of value when parallel reactions of different orders occur, where it may be more profitable to use semi-batch rather than batch operations. In many applications semi-batch reactors involve a substantial increase in the volume of reaction mixture during a processing cycle (i.e., emulsion polymerization). 

For acrylic polymers produced via emulsion polymerization, a set of two or more 30-cm-long columns with 10-ju,m or less packing material will usually ensure that the observed polydispersities are minimally influenced by column band broadening. 

The carrier should not dissolve in the feed liquid or receptor phase in order to avoid leakage from the liquid membrane. In order to achieve sufficient selectivity, minimization of nonselective transport through the bulk of the membrane liquid is required. Liquid membranes can be divided into three basic types [6] emulsion supported and bulk liquid membranes, respectively (Fig. 5-2). 

Guo et al. [70,71,73] recently attempted to hydrogenate NBR in emulsion form using Ru-PCy complexes. However, successful hydrogenation can only be obtained when the emulsion is dissolved in a ketone solvent (2-butanone). A variety of Ru-phosphine complexes have been studied. Crosslinking of the polymer could not be avoided during the reaction. The use of carboxylic acids or first row transition metal salts as additives minimized the gel formation. The reactions under these conditions require a very high catalyst concentration for a desirable rate of hydrogenation. 

The advantages of continuous tubular reactors are well known. They include the elimination of batch to batch variations, a large heat transfer area and minimal handling of chemical products. Despite these advantages there are no reported commercial instances of emulsion polymerizations done in a tubular reactor instead the continuous emulsion process has been realized in series-connected stirred tank reactors (1, . ... 

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