Emulsifiable Concentrates ECs

The receipt of the test substance should be documented upon arrival at the test site. The name of the product, manufacturer, active ingredient concentration, expiration date, storage location, storage requirements, lot or batch number, the amount received, the condition at receipt, and whether the material is an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), fiowable, powder or otherwise should be noted in the research notebook. In addition, one should note the purchase date, the shipment date, and the carrier of the product. 

Today one the most common insecticidal surface treatments is the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin (Tempo). It is available as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or as a wettable powder (WP), but the WP is much more... 

The system can help scientists reliably determine what type of formulation to make. However, the only branch of the decision tree which has rules is the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) branch. The system can determine which solvents to try to make an EC. Its decision relies heavily on rules and solubility calculations. Work is just beginning on the rules to determine which emulsifiers to use. 

The distribution of body weights was assumed to be a normal distribution with mean 70 kg and a 20% coefficient of variation (i.e., a standard deviation equal to 14kg). The amount of exposure for a body part was a PHED-based distribution, depending on the body part and the type of user, as well as the type of herbicide formulation used. The herbicide formulations were granule (G) formulated with fertilizer and used by homeowners for residential lawn care flowable formulation (FF), which is among the formulations classified as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) in PHED and water-dispersible granule (WDG). 

Formulation is the form in which the pesticide is delivered to the pest. Some types of triazine formulations are flow-able formulation (FF), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and water-dispersible granule (WDG). 

The major classes of pesticides in use in the Region are organochlo-rine and organophosphorus compounds, Ccirbamates, pyrethroids and bacterial larvicides. Organophosphorus compounds are the most common, followed by pyrethroids. Insecticides are available in a variety of formulations, including emulsifiable concentrates (EC), wet-table powders (WP), dustable powders (DP), suspension concentrates (SC), oil-in-water emulsions (EW) and capsule suspensions (CS). 

Host of the developmental work involved in this assay was carried out using a technical grade of clomazone. As this herbicide is sold commercially as a 4 lb/gallon emulsifiable concentrate (EC), the technical and EC formulations were compared in the assay to ensure that the formulated product did not adversely affect the ELISA results. When similar concentrations of both formulations were tested and compared by linear regression analysis, the data indicated that there wag no significant difference between these formulations, with an r value for this analysis of 0-99. 

Table 6.5 shows droplet size data obtained in a wind tunnel with a commercial insecticide formulation, an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) formulation of endosulfan. The formulation, mixture and any added adjuvants can have a significant effect upon droplet production, and should be evaluated where specific spectra are required. 

Applications of Dithiopyr to paddy grown Oryza are targeted to control Echino-chloa spp. Dithiopyr can be formulated into several different formulations, including an emulsion in water (EW) containing 240 g a.i. an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) up to 120 g a.i. and a wettable powder (WP) with 40% a.i. In addition, granular formulations are available. 

In all of the above formulations, the role of surface chemistry is crucial, both in the formulation of the product and its subsequent application. Even for simple formulations of water-soluble actives, surface-active agents (sometimes referred to as wetters ) are needed to enable the spray solution to adhere to the target surface and spread over a large area. The surface-active agents also play a more subtle role in optimization of biological efficacy. With self-emulsifiable oils (referred to as emulsifiable concentrates (ECs)), surfactants are added in high concentrations to ensure the spontaneity of emulsification on dilution. The adsorption and conformation of the surfactant molecules at the oil/water (OAV) interface is crucial for spontaneous emulsification of the oil... 

Many agrochemicals are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) which when added to water produce OAV emulsions either spontaneously or after gentle agitation. Such formulations are produced by the addition of surfactants to the agrochemical if the latter is an oil with a reasonably low viscosity, or to an oil solution of the chemical if the latter is a solid or a liquid with high viscosity. 

As mentioned before, for oil-insoluble agrochemicals one of the most common formulations is emulsifiable concentrates (ECs), which when added to water produce... 

If the technical is an oil miscible liquid or can be dissolved in an oil phase, then it can be formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Surfrctants that function as emulsifiers are typically incorporated into die formulation at around S-10 w/w%. An emulsion is formed spontaneously when the concentrate is diluted into the spray tank water. 

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