Emotional behavior

Baxter, B.L. The effect of selected drugs on the emotional behavior elicited via hypothalamic stimulation. Int J Neuropharmacol 7 47-54,... 

The pathologic hallmarks of the disease in the brain include neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques made up of various proteins, which result in a shortage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. These are primarily located in brain regions involved in learning, memory, and emotional behaviors such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, and amygdala.11... 

Baxter, B. L. (1969). Induction of both emotional behavior and a novel form of REM sleep by chemical stimulation applied to cat mesencephalon. Exp. Neurol. 23, 220-9. 

Hernandez-Peon, R., Chavez-Ibarra, G., Morgane, P. J. Timo-Iaria, C. (1963). Limbic cholinergic pathways involved in sleep and emotional behavior. Exp. Neurol. 8, 93-111. 

A variety of kinds of evidence have linked emotional behavior to hormones. Two conditions, the menstrual cycle and menopause, have been the focus of a great deal of research on human behavior. In addition, gender differences in the prevalence of mental illnesses have been used as indirect evidence for possible hormonal effects on emotional disorders. For example, depression is more common in women than in men. In contrast, a pubertal onset of schizophrenia is more common in males than females (Hafner, et al., 1993), although the lifetime occurrence of schizophrenia is approximately equal in men and women (Seeman, 1996). Effects of hormones on emotional lability in men are described above in the context of aggression. 

Hall CS (1936) Emotional behavior in the rat. III. The relationship between emotionality and ambulatory activity. J Comp Physiol Psychol 22 345-352 Hall CS (1938) The inheritance of emotionality. Am Sci 26 17-27... 

Kopp C, Vogel E, Misslin R (1999) Comparative study of emotional behavior in three inbred strains of mice. Behav Processes 47 161-174... 

Tachykinins are among the most abundant neuropeptides in the central nervous system. Limbic structures, which are important in the control of emotional behaviors, in particular contain tachykinins and neurokinin receptor sites in high density (Honkaniemi et al. 1992 Hurd et al. 1999 Ribeiro-da-... 

On the other hand, an effect of the genetic background seems equally possible, because significant differences in emotional behaviors have been observed between NKR1 mice on different genetic backgrounds. 

Kupfermann, Irving. 1991. "Hypothalamus and Limbic System Peptidergic Neurons, Homeostasis, and Emotional Behavior." In Principles of Neural Science, edited by Eric R- Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell. 3d ed. New York Elsevier. 

MacLean Paul D. 1955. "The Limbic System ( Visceral Brain ) and Emotional Behavior." Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 73 130-34. 

Panksepp, Jaak. 1982. "Toward a General Psychobiological Theory of Emotions." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 407-67. 

The neurons of the frontal lobes direct motor functions including the sequencing of physical movements, they influence emotional behavior and personality including the development of inhibitions and correct social behavior, and they contribute to the processing of expressive speech. 

Ryall, R.W. 1958. Effect of drugs on emotional behavior of rats. Nature 182 1606-1607. 

Storytelling can suggest new. parsimonious explanations. Suppose that someone asserts that self-sacrificing or helping behavior is conclusive proof that not all action is self-interested or that emotional behavior is conclusive proof that not all action is rational.- One might conclude that there are three irreducibly different forms of behavior rational and selfish, rational and nonselfish, and irrational. The drive for parsimony that characterizes good science should lead us to question this view. Could it not be in one s self-interest to help others Could it not be... 

Kliiver s emphasis on form constants in his human mescaline work and his formal analysis of emotional behavior in his monkey lesion studies are scientifically exemplary. Although individuals vary widely in exactly... 

The mesolimbic dopamine pathway projects from dopaminergic cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area of the brainstem to axon terminals in limbic areas of the brain, such as the nucleus accumbens (Fig. 10—8). This pathway is thought to have an important role in emotional behaviors, especially auditory hallucinations but also delusions and thought disorder (Fig. 10—9)-... 

No depth. Five hypnotic subjects and the simulator completed this condition. All found it unpleasant, and the outside evaluator raised the question of schizophrenia in each instance. One showed disturbances of gait, posture, and movement, similar to that seen in catatonia a second felt that the people around him were inhuman robots, plotting against him one subject showed marked withdrawal and sleepiness, and two showed inappropriate emotional behavior along with regression. The simulator also became withdrawn and hostile. 

Probably as a consequence of this complex pattern of influence upon different neurotransmitter systems that divergently modulate emotional behavior and mood states, cannabinoid agonists can produce both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects. 

Ansorge MS, Zhou M, Lira A, Hen R, Gingrich JA. Early-life blockade of the 5-HT transporter alters emotional behavior in adult mice. Science 2004 306(5697) 879-881. 

Limbic system The greatest concentration of opiate receptors in the limbic system is located in the amygdala. These receptors probably do not exert analgesic action, but they may influence emotional behavior. 

Bennett DS, Bendersky M, Lewis M. Children s intellectual and emotional behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk. Dev Psychol 2002 38 648-58. 

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