Altered transport

Fig. 12.4. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in OATP2 gene found in African- and European Americans. Asterisks represent the mutations associated with the altered transport function. (Prepared from data reported in Ref. [100].)...

Tirona, R. G., Leake, B. F., Merino, G., Kim, R. B., Polymorphisms in OATP-C identification of multiple allelic variants associated with altered transport activity among European-and African-Americans, J. Bid. Chem. 2001, 276, 35669-35675. 

G>T, 1748G>A) that have been associated with altered transport the relevance of these polymorphisms in vivo remains to be reported. 

AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE BY ALTERED TRANSPORT 3.3.1. Import Mechanisms... 

CLARITHROMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN PROTEASE INHIBITORS Possibly t adverse effects of macrolide with atazanavir, ritonavir (with or without lopinavir) and saquinavir Inhibition of CYP3A4- and possibly CYP1 A2-mediated metabolism. Altered transport via P-gp may be involved. Amprenavir and indinavir are also possibly t by erythromycin Consider alternatives unless there is Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection if combined, 1 dose by 50% (75% in the presence of renal failure with a creatinine clearance of <30mL/min)... 

Monoamine transporter regulation can occur by altering transporter surface expression. Monoamine transporters contain sites for potential phosphorylation in the cytoplasmic loops and the carboxy terminal region (Jayanthi and Ramamoorthy,... 

Altered transport Efflux Reduced Uptake Tetracycline, Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol... 

Antibiotic resistance can be the result of several molecular mechanisms (Table 1). Some of the most important of these mechanisms include enzyme-catalyzed antibiotic inactivation or modification, altered transport such as efflux, and others such as metabolic bypass and sequestration. Each of these mechanisms requires the synthesis of associated proteins to mediate resistance. These are often highly specialized and efficient, and frequently the corresponding genes can be acquired on mobile... 

LPS increases the transport of cisplatin, insulin, and the HIV-1 viral coat glycoprotein gpl20, but not of TNF or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (Banks et al., 1999 Minami et al, 1998 Nonaka et al., 2005 Osburg et al., 2002 Xaio et al., 2001). LPS affects leptin transport (Nonaka et al., 2004) through peripheral mechanisms and increases pituitary adenylate cylcase activating polypeptide binding to receptors on the BBB but does not alter transport. CNS injuries such as ischemia or trauma to the spinal cord induce a cascade of events, which can affect the transport of neuroimmune substances across the BBB as discussed below. 

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