Emissions municipal solid wastes

The specific molecular mechanisms by which PCDDs and PCDFs are initially formed and become part of the PIC remain largely unknown and are theoretical. The theoretical basis for conjecture is derived primarily from direct observations in municipal solid waste incinerators. The emissions of... [Pg.337]

Venmri scrubbers have been applied to control PM emissions from utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers fired with coal, oil, wood, and liquid waste. They have also been applied to control emission sources in the chemical, mineral products, wood, pulp and paper, rock products, and asphalt manufacrnring industries lead, aluminum, iron and steel, and gray iron production industries and to municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, venturi scrubbers are applied where it is necessary to obtain high collection efficiencies for fine PM. Thus, they are applicable to controlling emission sources with high concentrations of submicron PM. [Pg.434]

Use of some biomass feedstocks can increase potential environmental risks. Municipal solid waste can contain toxic materials that can produce dioxins and other poisons in the flue gas, and these should not be burned without special emission controls. Demolition wood can contain lead from paint, other heavy metals, creosote, and halides used in presen a-tive treatments. Sewage sludge has a high amount of sulfur, and sulfur dioxide emission can increase if sewage sludge is used as a feedstock. [Pg.159]

An examination is made of processes used in an incineration plant in Wurzburg, Germany, in which plastics are incinerated together with municipal solid waste to produce electrical and thermal energy. Results are presented of studies of emissions arising from the combustion of wastes containing three different levels of plastics. [Pg.85]

Test results are presented and discussed following trials in which energy recovery of mixed plastics domestic waste and municipal solid waste was carried out by means of co-combustion. The research also involved the collection of data relating to emissions, and the levels of halogens, dioxins and furans and heavy metals within the mixed plastics waste. [Pg.87]

The role of plastics in municipal solid waste combustion is discussed, and in particular, their fuel characteristics. Details are given of a state-of-art municipal solid waste combustor and the effects of plastics on the different combustion stages. In addition, the contribution of plastics to the total output spread over the various emission paths of solids, liquids and gases, is also assessed. [Pg.100]

Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock. More information on methane. [Pg.90]

Keywords Refused Derived Fuels (RDF), Dry Stabilization Process (DSP), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Waste composition, Waste amount, Heating value, Emission Factor (EF)... [Pg.441]

Figure 16.41. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra of humic acids (HA) isolated from municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), from soil amended with MSWC at 40tha 1yr 1 (MSWC40), and from the corresponding unamended control soil (MSWC0), in the absence and presence of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions at a total concentration of 40 xmol liter-1. EEWPmax denotes the excitation/emission wavelength pairs at maximum fluorescence intensity (Plaza et al., 2006).

With the explosive development of the economy and urbanization in China, more and more municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are generated. In 2000, 150 million tons of MSW were generated in China, and the total MSW dumped was 6 billion tons (Zhao, 2004). The MSW is mainly disposed of by three processes in China landfill, MSW incineration (MSWI), and compost. Whereas solid waste incinerators (SWI), especially MSW incinerators, have proven to be the most significant PCDD/F generators in industrialized countries, SWI are presently not considered as the biggest source in China because only a small portion of MSW are currently being disposed of by incineration. However, numerous MSW incinerators are under construction in various cities to save limited land space. The emission of dioxins will increase rapidly from the boom of MSWI in China. [Pg.215]

Lorber, M., Pinsky, P., Gehring, P., Braverman, C., Winters, D., Sovocool, W., 1998. Relationships between dioxins in soil, air, ash, and emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator emitting large amounts of dioxins. Chemosphere 37, 2173-2197. [Pg.814]

CDDs are released into the air in emissions from municipal solid waste and industrial incinerators. Exhaust from vehicles powered with leaded and unleaded gasoline and diesel fuel also release CDDs to the air. Other sources of CDDs in air include emissions from oil- or coal-fired power plants, burning of chlorinated compounds such as PCBs, and cigarette smoke. CDDs formed during combustion processes are associated with small particles in the air, such as ash. The larger particles will be deposited close to the emission source, while very small particles may be... [Pg.24]

Morselli L, Zappoli S, Liberti A, et al. 1989. Evaluation and comparison of organic and inorganic compounds between emission and immission samples from municipal solid waste incinerator. Chemosphere 18 2263-2273. [Pg.656]

Pitea D, Bonati L, Lasagni M, et al. 1989a. The combustion of municipal solid wastes and PCDF emissions Parti. PCDD and PCDF in MSW. Chemosphere 18 1457-1464. [Pg.671]

Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are often thought to be the largest source of dioxin in the US.10 Approximately 176 MSWIs in the US11 combust 2.9 x 10lokg yr-1 of municipal solid waste.12 Applying an emission factor of 3.56 x 10 8 g TEQ kg-1 of municipal waste13 yields an estimate of 1032 g... [Pg.18]

Theoretical studies into the mechanisms of formation of PCDD/Fs in combustion systems, with the specific aim of elucidating emission control strategies, commenced in the early 1980s. Seminal contributions7-9 examined free radical, homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the hot, combustion zone of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators, and concluded that this formation mechanism could not account for measured concentrations of PCDD/Fs in incinerator stack emissions. Measurements taken at various stages of the combustion and gas cleaning train of a MSW incinerator at Tsushima, Japan,... [Pg.156]

Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills... [Pg.7]

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Publicly Owned Treatment Works National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Ferroalloys Production Ferromanganese and Silicomanganese National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Municipal Solid Waste Landfills National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Manufacturing of Nutritional Yeast National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Organic Liquids Distribution (Non-Gasoline)... [Pg.13]

Hasselrijs F (1988), How control of combustion, emissions and ash residues from municipal solid waste can minimize environmental risk" p.154-167 in AICHE Symposium Serie 84(265), Resource Recovery Municipal Solid Waste... [Pg.133]

Hirota, K. Hakoda, T. Taguchi, M. Takigami, M. Kim, H. Kojima, T. Application of Electron Beam for the Reduction of PCDD/F Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3164-3170. [Pg.275]

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