Emergency response plan example

One example of a successful monitoring program is that coordinated by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, mentioned earlier. Because the monitoring program includes analyzing seawater and shellfish for K. brevis and brevetoxin concentrations, respectively, and because emergency-response plans require authorities to close shellfish harvesting when the shellfish become toxic, the incidence of NSP in Florida is low. 

For illustrative purposes, the hazardous properties of the materials used in the examples have been modeled to the Emergency Response Planning Guideline, ERPG-2 (see Section 3.1.1) concentration for toxic materials, or to one half of the lower flammable limit (LFL/2) for flammable material. Lastly, only the first 3600 seconds of the event are considered in these examples. For an actual situation, different concentration levels for toxic or flammable concentrations may be considered and different durations as well. 

At the very least, a facility is required to develop a plan describing how it will respond to an incident that threatens human health and/or the environment. Generally, the plan includes notification, evacuation, protection of employees, and control of the incident. This emergency response plan usually must be in writing. For example, the OSHA requires a minimum of three plans emergency response, emergency action, and fire prevention. The CAA requires that the state implementation plan have an emergency air pollution episode plan. 

Special models and programs are developed for such purposes as health and safety management and assessment, risk analysis and assessment, emission control and detection and quality control. Such a program may, for example, help the user to keep records regarding training, chemical inventories, emergency response plans, material safety data, sheet expiry dates and so on. 

Fig. 11.1 Example of an emergency response plan in an area around a chemical plant.

An example analysis of community earthquake emergency response plan... 

The example analysis shows that the completeness evaluation method of emergency response plan are scientific and practical and is helpful to distinguish the completeness of the emergency response plan quickly, thus improves... 

Two types of dispersion models are used to describe these releases when the puff or plumes are neutrally or positively buoyant. When there is an instantaneous release or a burst of material, we make use of a puff model. In this model the puff disperses in the downwind, cross wind, and vertical directions simultaneously. Computer codes written for puff models usually have the capability of tracking multiple puff releases over a period of time. When the release rate is constant with time, the puff model can be mathematically integrated into a continuous model. In this case, dispersion takes place in the cross wind and vertical directions only. The mathematical expressions are those discussed in Section III. The dispersion coefflcients used, however, may differ from those described in Section IV. Plume rise equations from Section V for positively buoyant plumes may be used in conjunction with these dispersion models. The equations of current models indicate that they are well formulated, but the application of the models suffers from poor meteorological irrformation and from poorly defined source conditions that accompany accidental releases. Thus, performance of these models is not adequate to justify their use as the sole basis for emergency response planning, for example. 

A written emergency response plan for a site location should include, at a minimum, the following (Specific regulations, for example, Process Safety Management (PSM) or Risk Management Program (RMP) may require other elements.)... 

Typical outputs of a risk analysis are risk contours, FN curves and risk ranking measures. These are used in a variety of ways, for example to direct application of resources when considering layers of protection or for providing details required for emergency response planning. 

The complete plan includes detailed information about the mine and the surface operations. Portions of the plan are included below as examples of how an emergency response plan is developed. 

FIGURE 15.1 Example of emergency response plan (continued)... 

Each person whose duties are included in this Emergency Response Plan will designate a replacement during any vacation or planned absence. This information shall be provided to the security office. Figure 15.1 is an example of an Emergency Response Plan. 

Figures 4.4-2 and 4.4-3 show examples of calculations of concrete attack." The contours in Figure 4.4-3 represent the movement of the ablation front downward and radially outward with time (one hour per contour). An important aspect of basemat meltthrough is that, even if it occurs, one would expect that many hours would be available to initiate emergency response plans, including evacuation and sheltering, so that offsite health effects can be minimized.

Inevitably, some of the regulations and requirements overlap. Most chemical facilities are subject to more than one law, and could be expected to prepare separate plans for specific parts of their facility. RCRA s Contingency Plan, for example, must be developed and maintained apart from other emergency response plans. The key to managing all of the requirements and satisfying the regulations in an efficient, coordinated manner is first to understand the requirements and how they apply to the facility, and then to look for the common denominators among the requirements. The finished product, or master plan, will satisfy all of the common denominators that apply, and will avoid duplication of effort. It also can be used as the basis for plans that must be maintained separately or that have requirements in addition to the common denominators. 

For example, one section of the contractor s SSAHP for Site F required personnel to evacuate the site during an emergency, while other sections of the plan indicated that personnel may respond to spills, leaks, or fires. Neither contractors SSAHPs at Sites C or G identified the individuals responsible for coordinating emergency response activities. 

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