Electrosynthesis of poly

L.V. Lukachova, E.A. Kotel nikova, D. D Ottavi, E.A. Shkerin, E.E. Karyakina, D. Moscone, G. Palleschi, A. Curulli, and A.A. Karyakin, Electrosynthesis of poly-o-diaminobenzene on the Prussian Blue modified electrodes for improvement of hydrogen peroxide transducer characteristics. Bioelectrochemistry 55, 145-148 (2002). 

Osteryoung and coworkers have also used chloroaluminate molten salts, utilizing the [C2mim] cation, for the electrosynthesis of poly(thiophene) and poly... 

The double-gyroid templates were found to be stable in a number of polar protic solvents, but these do not support the electrosynthesis of poly(thiophene), since the intermediate radical is extremely reactive towards nucleophilic species. Further, nonpolar solvents such as hexane and various fluorinated solvents were compatible with the styrenic templates, but unfortunately common ionic salts, which are usually added to increase the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte are not soluble in these. 

Morita, M., et al. 1992. Electrosynthesis of poly(p-phenylene) films and their application to the electrodes of rechargeable batteries. Electrochim Acta 37 1093. 

Figure 3. Electrosynthesis of Poly (MOT) at Pt electrode in aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 MSDS, 0.05 M MOT and 0.1MLiClO4 with butanol (4 voL%).

Furthermore, electrosynthesis of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyphenylene in ionic liquids was reported [29, 30]. 

Electrosynthesis of polymers compares favorably with the thick film method providing addressable and controlled deposition. In terms of selectivity to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of interferents, the most promising results were obtained with poly-l,2-diaminobenzene (poly-1,2-DAB)-modified electrodes [125],... 

Optimization of the latter reaction is an object of current study.26 Electrosynthesis of polysilanes has undergone a transformation from laboratory research experiments27-32 to industrial production of imaging polysilanes for microlithography.33 Anionic polymerization of masked disilenes was established as a new synthetic route to polysilanes of highly ordered structure.34 A functional polysilane with an ethereal group, poly[l-(6-methoxy-hexyl)-1,2,3-trimethyldisilanylene] (Mn = 7.2 X 103) was prepared by the mask disilene method.35... 

Soubiran P., Aeiyach S., Aaron J. J., Delamar M., Lacaze P.C. (1988) Electrosynthesis and spectroscopic characterization of poly-para-phenylene films prepared by oxidation of benzene in liquid sulfur dioxide. J Electroanal Chem. 251, 1, 89-102. 

M. Baibarac, P. Gomez Romero, M. Lira Cantu, N. Casan Pastor, N. Mestres, and S. Lefrant, Electrosynthesis of the poly(V-vinyl carbazole)/carbon nanotubes composite for applications in the supercapacitors field, Eur. Polym. J., 42, 2302-2312 (2006). 

J. H. P. Utley and C. Z. Smith. Electroorganic reactions. Part 53. The electrosynthesis of novel water-soluble poly-(p-xylylene)(PPX) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene)(PPV) polymers and co-polymers. J. Mater. Chem., 10 2642-2646, 2000. 

For the electrosynthesis of PEDOT and PPy, water was the preferred electrolyte solvent. Although some reports suggest that under special experimental conditions the aqueous electropolymerization of poly(thiophene) derivatives is possible, all attempts conducted in this study failed, including deposition at low pH values and using bithiophene which exhibits a lower oxidation potential than thiophene as the monomeric species [43, 44], Typically, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and (fairly) anhydrous acetonitrile were used instead [34]. Although both solvents were successfully used to prepare poly(thiophene) inverse opals via the templated synthesis using poly(styrene) microsphere arrays, they tended to destroy the styrenic DG-structured scaffold [2 ]. 

Santos, L., Martin, P., Ghilane, J., Lacaze, P.C., Randriamahazaka, H., Abrantes, L.M., et al. Electrosynthesis of well-organized nanoporous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by nanosphere lithography. Electrochem. Commun. 12, 872-875 (2010)... 

Wagner, M., Kvarnstrom, C., and Ivaska, A (2010). Room temperature ionic liquids in electrosynthesis and spectroelectrochemical characterization of poly(para-phenylene). Electrochimica Acta, 55, pp. 2527-2535. 

Baibarac M, Gomez-Romero P, Lira-Cantu M, Casan-Pastor N, Mestres N, Lefrant S. Electrosynthesis of the poly(A-vinyl carhazole)/ carhon nanotuhes composite for applications in the supercapacitors field. Eur Polym J 2006 42(10) 2302-12. 

Roncali, J., A. Yassar, and F. Gamier. 1988. Electrosynthesis of highly conducting poly(3-methylthiophene) thin films. / Chem Soc Chem Commun 9 581-582. 

Szkurlat, A., B. Palys, J. Mieczkowski, and M. Skompska. 2003. Electrosynthesis and spectro-electrochemical characterization of poly(3,4-dimethoxy-thiophene), poly(3,4-dipropyloxythio-phene) and poly(3,4-dioctyloxythiophene) films. Electrochim Acta 48 3665-3676. 

Roncali, J., R. Garreau, and M. Lemaire. 1990. Electrosynthesis of conducting poly-pseudo-crown ethers from substituted thiophenes. J Electroanal Chem 278 373-378. 

S. Basak, C. S. C. Bose, K. Rajeshwar, Electrochemical quartz crystal micro-gravimetry of poly(pyrrole-Co-3-(pyrrol-l-yl)propanesulfonate) films — electrosynthesis, ion-transport, and ion assay, Analytical Chemistry 1992, 64,1813. 

H. Q. Tang,T. Yamashita,A. Kitani, S. Ito, Electrosynthesis of water-soluble self-doped poly(aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid), Electrochimica Acta 1998, 43, 1137. 

D. Z. Zhou, P. C. Innis, G. G. Wallace, S. Shimizu, S. I. Maeda, Electrosynthesis and characterisation of poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) - effect of pH control, Synthetic Metals 2000,114, 287. 

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