Microsphere arrays

Ferguson JA, Steemers FJ, Walt DR (2000) High-density fiber-optic DNA random microsphere array. Anal Chem 72 5618-5624... 

Figure 20-19 Fiber-optic sensor lor detection of specific DNA sequences. Upper half shows circular wells in etched tip of bundle. Fluorescence image in lower half identifies wells to which fluorescent target DNA has bound. [From J R. Epstein. M. Lee. and D. R. Waft High-Density Fiber-Optic Genosensor Microsphere Array Capable of Zofriomoto Detection limits, ...

Adams EW, Ueberfeld J, Ratner DM, O Keefe BR, Walt DR, Seeberger PH. Encoded fiber-optic microsphere arrays for probing protein-carbohydrate interactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003 42 5317-5320. 

SERS-Based Microsphere Array in an Oligo Model System... 

Shofuda T, Fukusumi H, Kanematsu D, Yamamoto A, Yamasaki M, Arita N, Kanemura Y (2013) A method for efficiently generating neurospheres from human-induced pluripotent stem cells using microsphere arrays. Neuroreport 24(2) 84-90... 

Epstein JR, Lee M, Walt DR (2002) High density fiber-optic genosensor microsphere array capable of zeptomole detection limites. Anal Chem 74 1836-1840... 

For the electrosynthesis of PEDOT and PPy, water was the preferred electrolyte solvent. Although some reports suggest that under special experimental conditions the aqueous electropolymerization of poly(thiophene) derivatives is possible, all attempts conducted in this study failed, including deposition at low pH values and using bithiophene which exhibits a lower oxidation potential than thiophene as the monomeric species [43, 44], Typically, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and (fairly) anhydrous acetonitrile were used instead [34]. Although both solvents were successfully used to prepare poly(thiophene) inverse opals via the templated synthesis using poly(styrene) microsphere arrays, they tended to destroy the styrenic DG-structured scaffold [2 ]. 

A solid emulsion is a suspension of a liquid or solid phase in a solid. For example, opals are solid emulsions formed when partly hydrated silica fills the interstices between close-packed microspheres of silica aggregates. Gelatin desserts are a type of solid emulsion called a gel, which is soft but holds its shape. Photographic emulsions are gels that also contain solid colloidal particles of light-sensitive materials such as silver bromide. Many liquid crystalline arrays can be considered colloids. Cell membranes form a two-dimensional colloidal structure (Fig. 8.44). 

Kikuchim, Y., Chun, K., Fujita, H., Micromachined straight-through silicon microchannel array for monodispersed microspheres, in Matlosz, M., Eheeeld,... 

The alternation of temperature in a hydrothermal reaction was demonstrated to be crucial in changing the crystal phases or morphologies of nanomaterials. In the case of K2Cr207, when the reaction temperature was increased to 180 °C, K-OMS-2 microspheres consisting of nanoneedles were synthesized in contrast to the nanoduster arrays composed of tetragonal prism nanorods synthesized at 120 °C (Figure 8.1a-c). In the case of Na2Cr207, when the reaction temperature was 100 °C, Na-OMS-2 phase was formed. However, when the reaction temperature was... 

Figure 3. Atomic force microscopy image of an etched fiber bundle (a) before and (b) after microspheres were distributed into the array. Reprinted with permission from ref. 5 Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society.

Goodey A., Lavigne J.J., Savoy S.M., Rodriguez M., Curey T., Tsao A., Simmons G., Wright J., Yoo S.-J., Sohn Anslyn E.V., Shear J.B., Neikirk D.P., McDevitt J.T., Development of multi-analyte sensor arrays composed of chemically derivatized polymeric microspheres localized in micromachined cavities, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000b 123 2559-2570. 

Solute array The potential next generation of arrays is to have nanowells containing coded microspheres or barcoded nanoparticles in solution... 

Goodey, A. P. McDevitt, J. T., Multishell microspheres with integrated chromatographic and detection layers for use in array sensors, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 2870 2871... 

Fig. 6 (a) Schematic illustration of a flow cytometer used in a suspension array. The sample microspheres are hydrodynamically focused in a fluidic system and read-out by two laser beams. Laser 1 excites the encoding dyes and the fluorescence is detected at two wavelengths. Laser 2 is used to quantify the analyte, (b) Scheme of randomly ordered bead array concept. Beads are pooled and adsorbed into the etched wells of an optical fiber, (c) Scheme of randomly-ordered sedimentation array. A set of encoded microspheres is added to the analyte solution. Subsequent to binding of the analyte, microparticles sediment and assemble at the transparent bottom of a sample tube generating a randomly ordered array. This array is evaluated by microscope optics and a CCD-camera. Reproduced with permission from Refs. [85] and [101]. Copyright 1999, 2008 American Chemical Society... 

Moser C, Mayr T, Klimant I (2006) Microsphere sedimentation arrays for multiplexed bioanalytics. Anal Chim Acta 558 102-109... 

Wygladacz K, Radu A, Xu C, Qin Y, Bakker E (2005) Fiber-optic microsensor array based on fluorescent bulk optode microspheres for the trace analysis of silver ions. Anal Chem 77 4706 1712... 

Wygladacz K, Bakker E (2007) Fluorescent microsphere fiber optic microsensor array for direct iodide detection at low picomolar concentrations. Analyst 132 268-272... 

Linear arrays of optical microresonators evanescently coupled to each other can also be used for optical power transfer (Fig. 6). This type of coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) has recently been proposed (Yariv, 1999) and then demonstrated and studied in a variety of material and geometrical configurations, such as sequences of planar microrings (Poon, 2004), arrays of coupled microspheres (Astratov, 2004), and chains of photonic crystal defect cavities (Olivier, 2001). 

Song, L., Ahn, S., and Walt, D. R. (2006). Fiber-optic microsphere-based arrays for multiplexed biological warfare agent detection. Anal. Chem. 78,1023-1033. 

---