Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry overview

This review provides an up-to-date overview of the application of analytical procedures based on MS for the characterization of organic natural materials in archaeological and historical objects. Applications that feature the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Py-GC/MS, high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), and direct MS analysis such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and direct exposure mass spectrometry (DE-MS) are sununarized to highlight the different information provided by each of the various analytical approaches. Case studies and examples are also presented and include a description of the molecular markers and of the molecular profiles that are used to identify the original materials. 

See also Electrophoresis Overview Principles. Fluorescence Overview Instrumentation. Mass Spectrometry Overview Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques Electrospray. 

See also Mass Spectrometry Overview Ionization Methods Overview Eiectron Impact and Chemical Ionization Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques Electrospray Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Mass Separation Ion Traps Time-of-Flight. 

See also Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometry Ionization Methods Overview Electrospray Stable Isotope Ratio. 

See also Mass Spectrometry Ionization Methods Overview Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques Electrospray Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Time-of-Fiight. Proteins Traditionai Methods of Sequence Determination. Proteomics. 

Chapter 6, titled Selection of Ionization Methods of Analytes in the TLC-MS Techniques provides an overview of mass spectrometric techniques that can be coupled with TLC and act as specific detectors in this hyphenated approach. The mass spectrometric techniques discussed in this chapter are secondary mass spectrometry (SIMS), liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS), fast atom bombardment (FAB), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI), electrospray ionization (ESI), desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), electrospry-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ELDI), easy ambient sonic spray ionization (EASI), direct analysis in real time (DART), laser-induced acoustic desorption/electrospray ionization (LIAD/ESI), plasma-assisted multiwavelength laser desorption/ionization (PAMLDI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI). For the sake of illustration, the authors introduce practical examples of implementing TLC separations with detection carried out by means of individual mass spectrometric techniques for the systematically arranged compounds belonging to different chemical classes. 

Klushin DV, Gusev MY, Lysenko SA, Urazgildin IF. Phys Rev B 1996 54 7062. Knochenmuss R. In Cole R, editor. MALDI Ionization Mechanisms An Overview (Chapter 5) in Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry Fundamentals Instrumentation Practicalities and Biological Applications. 2nd ed. New York Wiley and Sons 2010. 

In Part IV of the book, analytical and practical issues of electrospray and MALDI are confronted. Chapter 13 presents an analytical comparison between electrospray and MALDI, with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization thrown in for good measure. An investigation into the factors that influence charge state distributions in electrospray and MALDI appears in Chapter 14. Next comes a detailed overview of the utility of electrospray and MALDI for investigating noncovalent interactions that are preserved as gas-phase ions (Chapter 15). Attention then turns to discussion of the various ion activation techniques that are used to provoke dissociation of the typically stable intact precursors generated by electrospray and MALDI in preparation for tandem mass spectrometry experiments (Chapter 16). Chapter 17 presents a primer on interpretation of mass spectra specifically targeting decompositions of the even-electron ions produced by soft ionization techniques. 

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