Chromatography Electrophoresis

Fractionation of Macromolecular Components of Human Gastric Juice by Electrophoresis, Chromatography, and Other Physicochemical Methods... 

The literature describes chromatographic techniques related to the characterization, isolation and purification of iridoids. Most reports show the open column technique as the principal technique used to isolate this class. Also, there have been few studies on counterflow and capillary electrophoresis chromatographies. In general, there has been little scientific investment in the area of obtaining iridoids of the Apoc3maceae family, despite the great pharmacological importance of this class of constituents. 

Recently, a method for preparing MIP monolithic columns for electrophoresis, chromatography and solid-phase extraction has been developed, which uses a preformed polymeric monolith, onto which an MIP with specific recognition sites is subsequently grafted [149, 179-181]. 

DNA purification Solvent extraction and precipitation, gel electrophoresis, chromatography size exclusion, ion exchange, solid-phase extraction, SPRI, affinity purification... 

R. Porra, M. G. Quaglia, and S. Fanali, Determination of fenfluramine in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone electrophoresis, Chromatography, 47 383 (1995). 

Transport, Space, Entropy, Diffusion, and Flow Elements Underlying Separation by Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Field-Flow Fractionation and Related Methods, J. C. Giddings, /. Chromatogr., 395, 19 (1987). 

G21. Class, G. B. J., Fractionation of macromolecular components of the human gastric juice by electrophoresis, chromatography and other physico-chemical methods. Adv. Clin. Chem. 7, 373-479 (1964). 

FRACTIONATION OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPONENTS OF HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE BY ELECTROPHORESIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY. AND OTHER PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS ... 

A variety of methods has been applied to the separation of bound and free Ag. These include precipitation, solid phase attachment, capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, andmicrofiltration. Originally, precipitation and solid-phase extraction were the most common types of separations techniques. However the ease of automation of capillary electrophoresis and flow-injection analysis (chromatography) makes these two techniques very interesting. 

The remainder of this introductory chapter focuses on downstream processing and bioseparation relevant to the chapters presented in this book. Thus, the following topics are covered multiphase systems, membrane separation, centrifugation and adsorption techniques, electrophoresis, chromatography, and affinity separations. 

Microchip technology (see Ref. 454 and Fig. 17) is revolutionizing chemical and biochemical testing. The microchip processes fluid rather than electrons. Both electrophoretic and electroosmotic techniques are used to pump the fluid. Pumps, valves, volume-measuring devices, and separation systems are on the microchip s surface. Microchip separation procedures include electrophoresis, chromatography and solid-phase biochemistry. Microchips allow true parallelism, miniaturization, multiplexing, and automation, and these key features provide a set of performance specifications that cannot be achieved with earlier technologies (64-68,454-463). 

Electrophoresis. Chromatographic Separation, and Gel Filtration Electrophoresis, chromatography, and gel filimtion all separate components in dilute solution. They must be followed by concentration steps if a dissolved product is satisfactory, and addilioanl processing steps if pure prodnets are desired. 

In microfluidic-based systems, material is transported within microstructures (of typical dimensions of 10-500 pm) where separations, reactions, and other processes occur. Focus has been on the realization of the traditional separation techniques (electrophoresis, chromatography, isoelectric focusing, etc.) and reactions in the microchip format. The principles of separation, as in the conventional formats, are based on differences in mass and charge (thus mobility) and partitioning between phases. However, advantages associated with the small dimensions provide superior performance. For example, the higher surface to volume ratio arising from the smaller dimensions results in lower heat and mass transfer resistances and thus an improved performance. 

Various types of modern food analytical techniques have been developed, including electrophoresis, chromatography, spectroscopy, rheological techniques, and sensory evaluation, to meet the challenge of providing information on the diverse components of these complex food materials. 

Alkaline urea-gel electrophoresis chromatography and electrophoresis of all tryptic peptides... 

CZE Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Chromatography Immobilized Ion Metal... 

Despite the differences in catalytic and spectroscopic properties, cytochrome a and a3 are similar in many of their chemical properties. For instance, it is impossible to separate the two compounds by ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, or serial addition of deoxycho-late, and, therefore, the proportion of cytochrome a or cytochrome a3 present in cytochrome a + a3 preparations is not well known. However, measurements of the absorption spectrum obtained after reaction with CO and cyanide has established that 50% of the Soret band and 28% of the 605 mp peak can be accounted for by the presence of cytochrome a in the cytochrome a + a3 preparation. 

Nucleobases and nucleosides [19] and mixtures of mononucleotides [15] can be separated by paper electrophoresis and oligonucleotides by two-dimensional paper electrophoresis-chromatography [80] or by two-dimensional electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and DEAE-paper [84]. Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques are complementary in that compounds which cannot be fractionated suitably by the former can usually be completely separated by the latter. 

Thin-layer electrophoresis and thin-layer electrophoresis-chromatography (see Chapter E, p. 105) are also suitable for fractionating complex mixtures. Purine and pyrimidine bases, for example, can be fractionated by electrophoresis on cellulose in 0.05M formate buffer, pH 3.4 at 0° C... 

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