Capillary electrophoresis with liquid chromatography

Figure 5.54 Structures of Praziquantel and its metabolites, cis- and fraw5-4-hydroxy-praziquantel. Reprinted from 7. Chromatogr., B, 708, Lerch, C. and Blaschke, G., Investigation of the stereoselective metabolism of Praziquantel after incubation with rat liver microsomes by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry , 267-275, Copyright (1998), with permission from Elsevier Science.

It has been coupled with enzyme immunoassay for efficient and fast polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) screening in soil [21]. In a number of studies both static and dynamic superheated water extraction has been coupled to solid-phase microextraction [15, 25, 28, 30, 35, 38], sometimes with other analytical methods also coupled. It has been coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [31], capillary electrophoresis [31], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [32] and liquid chromatography-gas chromatography [41]. Sometimes other chemicals are added to the water used, such as acid [42] or phosphate buffer [43]. Different trapping methods for analytical extraction have been examined [44]. 

When working with complicated matrices (biological samples or food products), the selectivity of electrochemical methods (ED) can usually be increased if they are combined with effective separation techniques, e.g. capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography (Rychlik 2011 Trojanowicz 2011). In separation science, electrochemical detection is used to detect and measure response analytes in flowing streams after separation by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis (Trojanowicz 2011). The former was introduced in the mid-20th century and is still an actively developing analytical technique. Employment of a new generation of columns, new detector types, new software and the... 

TRANSPARENT FLOW GATING INTERFACE WITH PACKED CAPILLARY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS... 

Capillary electrophoresis employing chiral selectors has been shown to be a useful analytical method to separate enantiomers. Conventionally, instrumental chiral separations have been achieved by gas chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography.127 In recent years, there has been considerable activity in the separation and characterization of racemic pharmaceuticals by high performance capillary electrophoresis, with particular interest paid to using this technique in modem pharmaceutical analytical laboratories.128 130 The most frequently used chiral selectors in CE are cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, bile acids, and protein-filled... 

Chen, J., Lee, C.S., Shen, Y., Smith, R.D., Baehrecke, E.H. (2002). Integration of capillary isoelectric focusing with capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography for two-dimensional proteomics separation. Electrophoresis 23, 3143-3148. 

He, Y., Yeung, E.S., Chan, K.C., Issaq, HJ. (2002). Two-dimensional mapping of cancer cell extracts by liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet absorbance detection. J. Chromatogr. A 979, 81-89. 

Mao, Y., Zhang, X.M. (2003). Comprehensive two-dimensional separation system hy coupling capillary reverse-phase liquid chromatography to capillary isoelectric focusing for peptide and protein mapping with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 24, 3289-3295. 

Tesafova, E., Bosdkovd, Z., and Zuskova, L, Enantioseparation of selected iV-tert-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with a teicoplanin chiral selector. J. Chromatogr. A, 879, 147, 2000. 

Comparison of capillary electrophoresis with high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 629, 379—384. 

Williams, S. J., Goodall, D. M., and Evans, K. P. (1993). Analysis of anthraquinone sulfonates — comparison of capillary electrophoresis with high-performance liquid-chromatography.. Chromatogr. 629, 379-384. 

Ahrer W, Scherwenk E, Buchberger W (2001) Determination of drug residues in water by the combination of liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chrom A 910 69-78... 

The chiral recognition mechanisms in NLC and NCE devices are similar to conventional liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with chiral mobile phase additives. It is important to note here that, to date, no chiral stationary phase has been developed in microfluidic devices. As discussed above polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, proteins, crown ethers, ligand exchangers, and Pirkle s type molecules are the most commonly used chiral selectors. These compounds... 

E.W. Hooijschuur, C.E. Kientz and U.A. Brink-man, Application of microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with flame photometric detection for the screening of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water and soil, J. Chromatogr. A, 928, 187-199 (2001). 

A much more sensitive technique than NMR is MS detection combined with various separation techniques (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC capillary electrophoresis, CE gas chromatography, GC) that allow previous separation of metabolites. The application of MS enables analysis of large number of metabolites based on their interactions with the separation system and, above all, on the basis of their molecular weights. 

Modern tHcy methods include enzyme immunoassays and chromatographic-based methods. In practice, immunoassays " are most often used for routine purposes (e.g., fluorescence polarization immunoassay IFPIA] as run on Abbott s IMx and AxSYM platforms) Chromatographic assays include amino acid analysis high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet, fluorescence, or electrochemical detection ° " capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem MS (MS-MS). 

Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography or Capillary Electrophoresis... 

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