Electricity supply industry

One feature of many commodity chemicals is that they are essentially intermediates used in the production of a wide range of consumer products. It was once suggested that the per capita rate of production of sulphuric acid was a measure of a country s prosperity, although the consumer demand for sulphuric acid itself is almost zero. Similarly styrene, most of which is converted into polystyrene, is hardly a saleable product in the retail market. The exception, on the other hand, is the market for materials that are finally utilised as fuels many of which are distributed to the final consumer following various degrees of polishing . Even so, the greatest demand for fuels comes from the electrical supply industry which dominates the market, and not from individual consumers. 

Commercial viability is a fundamental requirement for any process or project which is intended to supply useful energy into the competitive market places which, nowadays, characterise the electricity supply industries in many parts of the world. 

Bellhouse, G.M. Coal Purchase Analysis in the Electricity Supply Industry. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 1997. 

A future trend in the electricity supply industry, much discussed, is a move towards distributed (local) generation. This might be based on combined heat and power (CHP) schemes that would employ gas microturbines or gas engines, on solar energy (photovoltaic, solar—thermal) or on wind turbines. Most of the renewables are best utilized on a small-scale, local basis. Distributed generation is applicable in both semi-urban areas and in remote locations and may be the answer for many of those who currently are isolated from mains supplies. Sadly, often these people cannot afford such technology and their economic position is unlikely to improve until they do have access to electricity and fuels. 

Newbery, D. (1995) Regulatory policies and reform in the electricity supply industry , Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9421, Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge University. 

An expansion of the Remote Inspection Project s general inspection service has taken place and the facility is now available to organisations outside the Electric Supply Industry. 

The case study of the United Kingdom electricity supply industry draws heavily from the masters thesis of James Joosten (Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison), titled The Impacts of Restructuring the Electricity Market on Nuclear Safety Lessons Learned from the United Kingdom. Finally, the authors acknowledge Lesley Klein for her help and patience in typing and formatting this manuscript... 

UNITED KINGDOM ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY DEREGULATION LITERATURE REVIEW... 

Figure 6-4. Pre-Restructuring Employment in the United Kingdom Electric Supply Industry...

The nuclear power sector of the U.K. electricity supply industry also experienced dramatic reorganization and downsizing after deregulation, coupled with increased use of contractors. Problems identified in the aftermath of these changes triggered safety regulators to impose a new license condition on reactors in the U.K. 

R. Edwards and R. Roberts (1971), Status, Productivity, and Pay A Major Experiment A Study of the Electricity Supply Industry s Agreements and Their Outcome 1961-1971, London, MacMillan. 

International Energy Agency (1994), Electricity Supply Industry Structure, Ownership, and Regulation in OECD Countries, Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 

J. D. Shiffer (1999), Issues for Nuclear Plants in a Deregulated Electricity Supply Industry, Nuclear Energy, Vol. 38, pp. 259-264. 

Steve Thomas (1996), The Privatization of the Electricity Supply Industry, in The British Electricity Experiment—Privatisation The Record, the Issues, the Lessons (John Surrey, editor), London, Earthscan Publications. 

One of the first such representations is the energy table shown in Table 3.1 [9]. Within this table, the overall energy requirements are analyzed into a number of groups. First, there is a breakdown by fuel-producing industry. The electricity supply industry is separately identified because, of all fuel supply industries, the electricity industry exhibits the lowest production efficiency. The oil industry is also separately identified, because, although oil fuels are consumed in a variety of different forms, they are all derived from a common source, crude oil, and they all exhibit approximately the same production efficiency. 

Nis (Southern Serbia) Mefid processing and electric supply industry... 

It will be clear from the above account that this development for a range or products for high-voltage power cable termination was especially demanding technically. There was, however, another feature of the development which is a little less obvious. It was that, when the development started, Raychem had no reputation in the electrical supply industry. These were not products which could be tested in the field in any casual manner, because the consequences of failure due to unforeseen faults in the product would be quite disastrous. How then, were Raychem to persuade their potential customers that these new products would be superior to the old-fashioned methods that had been in use for many years ... 

The method adopted was firstly to insist on testing and evaluation procedures that really represented working conditions. A number of possible competitive materials which initially had shown much promise were proved to have fatal weaknesses once realistic tests, such as the incline-plane test for ITV, were available. It is only when the full combination of hostile conditions is available - high voltage, pollution, moisture - that a real assessment of performance can be made. A number of other materials will perform well if one or other of these conditions is absent. The second vital requirement was to publicize throughout the electrical supply industry... 

The Area Electricity Boards of which there are 12 in England and Wales and which will become separate distribution companies under the privatisation proposals are responsible for the distributing systems. However, in Scotland there are two all-purpose Boards (which will become two all-purpose pics) dealing with generation and transmission in addition to distribution. Although a growing number of places of work - such as the chemical and paper industries - generate their own electricity, the UK electricity supply industry supplies over 20 million industrial, commercial and domestic consumers who consume over 230000 million units of electricity every year. 

Much live working is carried out in the electricity supply industry. This is mostly justified on the basis that it is frequently unreasonable to switch off the supply to many consumers or loads such as traffic lights and hospitals... 

Some components of the distribution system have been in place for a long time. In New York, for example, 1 am told that we are still using part of the distribution system that was put in by Edison. So demand to ensure high reliability in the power delivery infrastructure is the number one priority in the industry in the United States at the moment. The other reason I didn t have it on my slides is because it s not really a carbon management thing, but in terms of the electricity supply industry, it s very important. 

The review of the future of nuclear power in the UK s electricity supply industry. 

In some respects it represents a revival of an earlier market, because at one time lead-acid batteries were widely used by the electricity supply industry, but were displaced by the switch from DC to AC power systems and changing patterns of industrial demand for energy. These new opportunities have been fecilitated by the development of cheap and efficient power convertors. Kramer and Voigt, Battery energy storage - experience and recent projects , ELDC (1990). 

Similar prognostications have littered the nuclear landscape ever since. In 1979, the then Secretary of State for Energy, David Howell, stated that the electricity supply industry has advised that even on cautious assumptions it would need to order at least one new nuclear power station a year in the decade from 1982 . In reality, no further reactors were ever ordered, let alone one a year. 

I do not know to what extent your Lordships are familiar with the electricity supply industry, but perhaps I may put it this way. The private sector of the electricity supply industry is dealing, in effect, in single articles costing millions of pounds. 

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