Elbe River, Germany

Hecker, M., Tyler, C.R., and Hoffmann, M. et al. (2002). Plasma biomarkers in fish provide evidence for endocrine modulation in the Elbe River, Germany. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 2311-2321. 

Schwarzbauer J, Franke S (2003b) Identification and quantitation of dinaphthyl sulfones as contaminants in particulate matter of the Elbe river, Germany.Part VI of organic compounds as contaminants of the Elbe river and its tributaries. Chemosphere 51, 973-981. 

Wilken, R.D. and H. Hintelmann. 1991. Mercury and methylmercury in sediments and suspended particles from the River Elbe, North Germany. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56 427-437. 

Germany, Elbe River, 1988, mercury-contaminated by cblor-alkali plants ... 

Levels of up to 1.9 pg/L di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were found in rivers of the greater Manchester area. United Kingdom (Fatoki Vernon, 1990) and at unspecified levels as contaminants of the Elbe River and its tributaries in Germany during the period 1992-94 (Franke et al., 1995). 

Bockelmann, U., W. Manz, T. R. Neu, and U. Szewzyk. 2000. Characterization of the microbial community of lotic organic aggregates ( river snow ) in the Elbe River of Germany by cultivation and molecular methods. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 33 157—170. 

Table 11.2 Results of chemical equilibrium modelling of the contribution of ferrous iron phases to the proportion of iron (in %) extracted from an anoxic freshwater sediment from the Elbe River near Hamburg (Germany) by the first two acetate buffer steps of a modified Tessier sequential extraction scheme...

Schwarzbauer, J., M. Ricking, S. Franke, and W. Francke. 2001. Halogenated organic contaminants in sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers (Germany). Part 5 of organic compounds as contaminants of the Elbe River and its tributaries. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 4015 -025. 

C]0-C]3 River Elbe, Hamburg3 Germany Sediment 17-25c Pgkg1 HRGC/ECNI/MS [71]... 

The Czech Republic is a landlocked state lying in the middle of a mild band of the northern hemisphere in the centre of Europe. The Czech Republic has state borders with Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. The total length of the state borders is 2290 km, of which 738km are defined by rivers - the so-called wet border . The territory of the Czech Republic is on the basins of three important European rivers - the Elbe, the Odra and the Morava (Danube), dividing the basins of the North Sea, the Baltic and the Black Sea. The Orlice River is one of the rivers which composed the Elbe River basin. 

The median HHCB/AHTN ratio in Lippe river water was 2.9 (Dsikowitzky et al., 2002), close to the HHCB/AHTN ratio of 2.5, which was deduced from the 1995 European use volumes (Balk and Ford, 1999a). However, in water samples from the Elbe river, the Saale river and the Mulde river, Germany, lower median HHCB/AHTN ratios were determined, 1.4 to 1.8 (data compiled by Rimkus, 1999). Apparently, HHCB/AHTN ratios are subject to fluctuations, since Simonich et al. (2000) have shown that the percent removal of both compounds during wastewater treatment in the STPs analysed was very similar. 

The presence of HHCB and AHTN in fish and mussels was confirmed by enantioselective analysis (Franke et al., 1999). In the same study, the authors reported the occurrence of a transformation product of HHCB, the HHCB-lactone, found in Odra river and Elbe river water (Germany). 

Wilken RD, Kuballa J, Jantzen E (1994) Organotins their analysis and assessment in the Elbe river system, Northern Germany. Fresenius J Anal Chem 350, 77-84. 

Near the town of Stade in northern Germany lies a major Dow Chemical production site. The plant lies on the southern bank of the Elbe river and occupies 5.2km of land. Almost 2 billion DM worth of chemicals are produced each year on the site and 1600 people are in full time employment. The facility specializes in the production of chlorine and products requiring chlorine in their manufacture. The salt is mined locally and split electrochemically to chlorine and caustic soda. 

Heemken, O.P., Stachel, B., Theobald, N., Wenclawiak, B.W., 2000. Temporal variability of organic micropollutants in suspended particulate matter of the River Elbe at Hamburg and the River Mulde at Dessau, Germany. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 38(1), 11-31. 

For many sections of the main waterways in Germany, namely the rivers Rhein, Elbe and Oder, sediment investigations provide results about... 

Winkler M, Kopf G, Hauptvogel C, Neu T (1998) Fate of artificial musk fragrances associated with suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the river Elbe (Germany) in comparison to other organic contaminants. Chemosphere 37, 1139-1156. 

Devai, I., Patrick WH Jr., Neue H-U et al. (2005) Methyl mercury and heavy metal content in soils of rivers Saale and Elbe (Germany). Anal Letts, 38 (6), 1037-1048. 

Some rivers in Germany (except the Elbe), France and The Netherlands contained on average arsenic levels below 3 pg Lwhile in the Elbe total arsenic ranged from 3.5 to 12 pg L (Stoeppler 1994). Anderson and Bruland (1991) found between 0.5 and 7 pg L in Californian rivers, while Stoeppler (1994) found 2.5-50 mg kg in Rhine sediments and 18-63 mgkg in Elbe sediments. In river-borne particulates the concentrations may vary from 3 to 74 mg kg (Crecelius et al. 1975). Nonpolluted Californian lakes, also investigated for species distribution, contained between 0.5 and 12 pg As L (Anderson and Bruland 1991). In lakes contaminated by mining and/or... 

In this contribution we will present our results from biomonitoring with F. antipyretica. For passive biomonitoring, plant material was collected from different streams of the Harz mountains in Central Germany. Active biomonitoring was done in the river Elbe and in an extremely polluted area of a former mining region in Saxony-Anhalt (Mansfelder Land). Experiments with extremely high concentrations of Cd were carried out under laboratory conditions. 

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