HHCB-lactone

Finally, the amino metabolites of the NMs have been synthesized by researchers and used as standards. These synthesis methods include reduction of NMs with hydrogen in the presence of Pd/charcoal to form the amino metabolites [ 15,16,23] or reaction of NMs with hydrazine hydrate and Raney nickel [ 14,23]. A metabolite of HHCB, HHCB-lactone, has also been synthesized and used as a standard [17]. 

Kupper etal. [17] PCMs and HHCB-lactone Sewage sludge Switzerland - Extraction with hexane and stirring - GC-MS - Recovery=79-108% LOD=15-30 upg/kg d.m. LOQ=45-90 upg/kg d.m. 

Chlorine DBPs of the polycyclic musks 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethy 1-tetraline (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-y-2-benzopyran (HHCB), which are widely used fragrances in cosmetics, daily care products, and cleaning products for household and industry, were investigated by Kuhlich et al. [123]. This study evidenced chlorination of HHCB as a potential new source of HHCB-lactone in the environment, other than biological transformation. 

Kuhlich P, Gostl R, Teichert P, Piechotta C, Nehls I (2011) Transformation of polycyclic musks AHTN and HHCB upon disinfection with hypochlorite two new chlorinated disinfection by-products (CDBP) of AHTN and a possible source for HHCB-lactone. Anal Bioanal Chem 399 3579-3588... 

The presence of HHCB and AHTN in fish and mussels was confirmed by enantioselective analysis (Franke et al., 1999). In the same study, the authors reported the occurrence of a transformation product of HHCB, the HHCB-lactone, found in Odra river and Elbe river water (Germany). 

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