Effects on Cancer Cells

It was demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were critically involved in the cytotoxicity of CA-4 [50]. CA-4 stimulated both extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKl/2) and p38 MAPK in the BEL-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This stimulation was a result of CA-4-induced microtubule disassembly, a reversible process. In authors opinion, these data indicated that p38 MAPK is a potential anticancer target and that the combination of CA-4 with p38 MAPK inhibitors may be a novel and promising strategy for cancer therapy. 

The effect of combretastatin A-4 on the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells at clinically achievable concentration and the associated antitumor mechanisms 

Cytotoxicity IC50 0.004 to 5 pM Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization ICso 2 to 40 pM 

Compounds structurally similar to combretastatin A-4 were represented by the formula. 

A new series of aryl-substituted imidazol-2-one derivatives structurally related to combretastatin A-4 were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in vitro against various human cancer cell lines including MDR cell line 65]. The highly active compounds also exhibited inhibitory activity against tumor growth 

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Ploug M, Ostergaard S, Gardsvoll H, Kovalski K, Holst-Hansen C, Holm A, et al. Peptide-derived antagonists of the urokinase receptor. Affinity maturation by combinatorial chemistry, identification of functional epitopes, and inhibitory effect on cancer cell intravasation. Biochemistry 2001 40(40) 12157-12168. 

Park, S., Fee, D.K. and Yang, C.H. (1998) Inhibition of fos-jun-DNA complex formation by dihydroguaiaretic acid and in vitro cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Cancer Letters 1 27, 23-28. 

De Petrocellis L, Bisogno T, Ligresti A, Bifulco M, Melck D, Di Marzo V (2002) Effect on cancer cell proliferation of palmitoylethanolamide, a fatty acid amide interacting with both the cannabinoid and vaniUoid signalling systems. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 16 297-302... 

Antioxidant flavonoid with anticancer activity. Antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines reduces cancer cell growth via type II estrogen receptors. 

Terpenes are functional compounds with an isoprenoid structure, found in the essential oils of plants such as lemon grass, cherry, mandarin, and citronella. To utilize functional terpenes, especially in the pharmaceutical field, geraniol, famesol, geranylgeraniol, phytol, perillyl alcohol, myrtenol, and nerol were phosphatidylated, and their antiproliferative effects on cancer cells were investigated in vitro [52,53]. Among these seven compounds, phosphatidyl-monoterpenes showed a markedly antiproliferative effect on human prostate PC-3 and human leukemia HL-60 cells. 

Clinicians who use F-dUMP and methotrexate together in cancer treatment find that the combined effects on cancer cells are not synergistic. Suggest how the administration of methotrexate could interfere "with the action of F-dUMP. 

Culture tests also confirm that rhodium chloride has some effect on cancer cells with abnormal activity reduced by about sixty percent. There is no effect on normal cells. The precise mechanism is not yet certain. Retardation of cancer activity in the cells occurs even if the rhodium is only in local proximity. David Hudson feels a resonant vibration is at the center of the whole science of monatomic substances and refers to it as the Spirit of life. In 1995, he set up a group to fund his pilot plant called the Science of the Spirit Foundation. 

The MAPK and PI3K pathways seem to mainly mediate resveratrol s inhibitory effects on cancer cells. ERKl/2 appears to play a central role by inducing apoptosis when modulating their activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that ERKl/2 in prostate cancer is important in the development of androgen independence. Evidence exists indicating... 

Documented effects Extracts from the fruits and branches have cytotoxic effects on cancer cell Unes in vitro (Jafarian-Dehkordi et al. 2004). Results from experiments with mice indicate that the abortifacient effect of essential oil from Juniperus sabina is related to an implantation inhibiting effect induced by sabinyl acetate (Pages et al. 1996). CycloUgnans, isolated from the leaves, exhibits anti-cancer and anti-viral activity (San Feliciano et al. 1993). 

Duclauxin (9) was identified (14) as one of the agents responsible for the antitumor activity of culture filtrates of P. stipitatum. It was shown that the phenalenone decreased the proliferation of cells of Ehrlich s ascites carcinoma in vitro, and that the compound exerts its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids without affecting protein synthesis (40). 

In addition to its analgesic effect capsaicin has many other beneficial effects including a nasal decongestant effect, a topical anti-inflammatory effect and even an effect on cancer cell growth and death, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and bacterial infections. 

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