Flavonoids antioxidant

HERTOG M G L, FESRENS E J M, HOLLMAN PCX, KATAN M B and KROMHOUT D (1993) Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease the Zutphen elderly study The Lancet 342, 1007-11. 

Besides being powerful antioxidants, flavonoids are the most important family of phlebotropic drugs. Their properties of vein protection have proved to be of great help in the treatment of venous insufficiency. Daflon 500 mg (Servier Laboratories, France) is a micronized fraction of flavonoids composed of a mixture of diosmin (90%) and hesperidin (10%), which has become one of the preferred medicines for the treatment of chronic venous deficiency. This drug facilitates the contractility of the venous wall,... 

Kris-Etherton PM and Keen CL. 2002. Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Curr Opin Lipidol 13(1) 41—49. 

Antioxidant activity of flavonoids has already been shown about 40 years ago [90,91]. (Early data on antioxidant flavonoid activity are cited in Ref. [92].) Flavonoids are polyphenols, and therefore, their antioxidant activity depends on the reactivity of hydroxyl substituents in hydrogen atom abstraction reactions. As in the case of vitamins E and C, the most studied (and most important) reactions are the reactions with peroxyl radicals [14], hydroxyl radicals [15], and superoxide [16]. 

Londono-Londono J, Rodrigues de Lima V, Lara O, Gil A, Pasa TBC, Arango GJ, Pineda JRR (2009) Clean recovery of antioxidant flavonoids from citrus peel optimizing an aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction method. J Food Chem. doi 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.075... 

Huang, Y.-L. et al., Antioxidant flavonoids from the rhizomes of Helminthostachys zeylanica, Phytochemistry, 64, 1277, 2003. 

Markham, K.R. and Mitchell, K. A., The mis-identification of the major antioxidant flavonoids in young barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves, Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci., 58, 53, 2003. 

Miyake, Y. et al., Characteristics of antioxidative flavonoid glycosides in lemon fruit. Food Sci. Technol. Int., 4, 48, 1998b. 

Nevertheless, like must other antioxidants, flavonoids may also act as prooxidant in particular circumstances [128,129]. 

Movileanu L, Neagoe I, Flonta ML. 2000. Interaction of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin with planar lipid bilayers. Int J Pharm 205 135-146. 

Murota K, Terao J. 2003. Antioxidative flavonoid quercetin implication of its intestinal absorption and metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 417 12-17. 

Hollman PCH, van Trijp JMP, Buysman MNCP, Gaag MS, Mengelers MJB, de Vries JHM and Katan MB, Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man. FEES Lett 418 152-156 (1997). 

Quercetin, a highly studied antioxidant flavonoid has the potential to inhibit free radical processes in cells by a) scavenging O2 b) blocking lipid peroxidation c) reacting with peroxyl or lipid peroxyl radicals d) inhibiting formation of HO and e) chelating iron ions. 

Cianidanol is an antioxidant flavonoid that occurs especially in woody plants. It is one constituent of green tea. It has immunomodulatory properties, including effects on T lymphocytes and killer cells (1). 

Fig. 15 Some dietary antioxidative flavonoids that induce DNA damage (control ascorbic acid (69))...

Fruits and vegetables contain abundant nutraceuticals or phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, dietary fibers, minerals, antioxidants, flavonoids, and anthocyanins and other diverse components including trace chemicals. Interestingly, the flavonoids and anthocyanins in phy to chemicals could be significantly associated with reductions of risk of cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration, and improvements and preventions of many other diseases. 

Zhu, N., Sheng, S., Li, D., Lavoie, E., Karwe, M., Rosen, R., and Chi-Tang Hi, C. (2001). Antioxidative flavonoid glycosides from quinoa seeds (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.). J. Food Lipids 8,37-44. 

Antioxidant flavonoid with anticancer activity. Antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines reduces cancer cell growth via type II estrogen receptors. 

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