Effect on volatile

Sakho M, Chassagne D, Jaus A, Chiarazzo E and Crouzet J. 1997. Enzymatic maceration effects on volatile components of mango pulp. J Food Sci 63(6) 975-978. 

Emulsifier Effect on Volatilization of Pesticides from Water... 

Nicholas anthracite, we investigated the effect of particle size on the rate of volatile matter release at constant temperature from other anthracites. In all cases H2 represented a large fraction of the total volatile matter released. Evolution rates were measured at 800°C. on 5.5-gram samples. As previously discussed, at 800°C. plots of the volume of volatile matter released vs. the log of time gave straight lines, with the slope of these lines (dq/d log t) being a measure of the relative rate of volatile matter release. Results are summarized in Table III and Figure 10. The effect of particle size on volatile matter release rate is complex and depends upon the anthracite studied. However, in every case particle size has a pronounced effect on volatile matter release rate at constant temperature. 

Of the RAS parameters, the gas flow rate has the greatest effect on volatility and must therefore be carefully controlled (Deibler et al., 2001). The flow rate of the effluent should be periodically measured to ensure flow rate consistency. The flow rate can be measured with a simple bubble meter or an electronic flow meter. Be sure the meter used is appropriate for measuring the magnitude of the anticipated flow rate. 

Deviations from method-required holding time may affect the collected sample representativeness. Depending on the severity of a deviation, the chemist may qualify the data as estimated values or reject them as invalid. Holding time violations have a different effect on volatile and semivolatile compounds and that is why the chemist s professional judgment is particularly important in such situations. 

The dipeptide camosine, /J-alanyl-i.-histidinc, is one of the most abundant N compounds present in the non-protein fraction of vertebrate skeletal muscles. It constitutes, for example, 50, 150, and 276 mg per 100 g of muscle tissue from chicken leg, bovine leg, and porcine shoulder, respectively. Chen and Ho138 examined its effects on volatile generation in a model system of ribose and cysteine (180 °C, 2 h, pH 5 and 8.5). These were complex the levels of thiophenes and some meaty compounds, such as 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-furfurylthiol, and their associated dimers, were generally lowered, but those of important N compounds, such as pyrazines and thiazoles, which are known to elicit roasty and nutty flavours, were enhanced. 

It is possible in any given study to demonstrate differences among yeast strains however, these results are likely confounded with the must composition and subsequent fermentation conditions specific to that study. Since the extrinsic factors can have a far greater effect on volatile profiles than does the inoculum it is all too easy to reach erroneous conclusions regarding strain effects. 

Theoretical models can be constructed from the data provided by a whole series of different investigations (25) but which focus on the incorporation of heteroatoms into the polynuclear aromatic systems (Figures 7 and 8). The incorporation of heteroatoms into such polynuclear aromatic systems reduces the volatility of the system, thereby allowing participation in coke formation. In addition, molecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and the formation of charge-transfer complexes, could also have a significant effect on volatility and, therefore, on coke yield. 

Mallouchos A., Loukatos R, Bekatorou A., Koutinas A.A. and Komaitis M. Ambient and low temperature winemaking by immobilized cells on brewer s spent grains Effect on volatile composition. Food Chemistry 104 (3) (2007) 918-927. 

Atmospheric conditions such as wind speed, temperature and relative air humidity are some environmental conditions that influence the volatilization rate. Increased wind speed tends to reduce the resistance to gas phase transport. This has the effect of increasing the dry gaseous deposition flux to the soil, but can also clearly increase the revolatihzation of the chemical from the soil [5, 30]. Temperature has a profound effect on the vapour/soil partitioning. Volatilization rates are influenced by soil and ambient air temperature mainly through its effect on vapour pressure, i.e. increase of temperature increases vapour pressure. If the relative humidity of the air is not 100%, increases in airspeed wiU hasten the drying of soil. This indirect effect alters the soil water content, which as it was previously mentioned has an effect on volatilization [30, 31]. 

The influence of dryer air temperatures appears less significant when one is drying less volatile flavorants (e.g., orange oil) at higher concentrations (ca. 20% load) than diacetyl at low concentrations (ppm). It appears that increasing either inlet or exit air has a slight detrimental effect on volatile retention. 

The choice between the various oxygenates is being influenced by cost, availability, and their impact on fuel properties. All have high octane, but alcohols (especially methanol) can have an effect on volatility, water tolerance, and elastomer compatibility. 

The Influenee of Distillation Temperature and Time on Antimony and Arsenic Volatilization.We can see in Table VII that in the same distillation time (60 min), as soon as distillation temperature raise 300K, the removal rate of As and antimony increase 1.36 times and 2.42 times respeetively. Distillation temperature has little effect on volatilization of arsenic and antimony. When the temperature is 1773K, and distillation time is 60min, the removal rate of arsenic and antimony are 88.58% and 88.87%. 

---