Effect of acid washing

Effect of Product Wash. For several runs, the product slurries were divided after water quenching of the MTC, and 15 ml HC1 was added to the cold water wash. Figure 7 shows the increase in benzene and total MTC solubility as a result of the HC1 wash. Acid-washing produces total pyridine solubility from a 65% soluble water-washed MTC. The effect of acid washing on benzene solubility is less marked, with a maximum increase of 10-15% when the water-washed benzene solubility is 25%. The maximum benzene solubility with either water or acid wash is 40%. 

Figure 7. Effect of acid wash on solubilities compared with water wash 273 g ZnClg, 50 g coal. Total solubility is the sum of benzene solubility and incremental...

Table III. Effect of Acid-washing and Ion-exchange on Ash Yield...

Figure 6. Effect of acid washing on PTP and PTO of Illinois No 6 coal. Ion current is multiplied by a factor shown on the right hand side of the figure.

Figure 10.26. (a) Increase in comminmion rate and fall in comminution limit with surfactant, (b) Effect of acid washing on the comminution of calcium carbonate dissolution slows dowrt the comminution lale, suggesting the removal of surface flaws. 

Effects of acid-washing procedure on Th-Pb ages of zircons. In Abstracts... 

Tan, H., Wang, S-r., 2009. Experimental study of the effect of acid-washing pretreatment on biomass pyrolysis. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 37 (6), 668—672. 

B. The extractable pH of many well-washed photographic prints has been in ihe range of 5.5 to 6.0 (only a medium permanence level by ASTM Specification D-3290-74), but well-washed photographic prints have endured for many years. Estimates of paper permanence based upon rates of change at several elevated temperatures assess the overall effect of degradative reactions and resistance to those reactions, including the effects of acidity. 

Effect of acid/base pretreatment on cocaine incorporation into Caucasian brown hair. The hair was exposed to the solutions listed for 3 h at 37°C and then washed with water until the water was pH neutral. The hair was rinsed two times with 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 5.6. The hair was then exposed to cocaine (5 pg/mL), decontaminated, and analyzed. To "restore" the hair, each sample was soaked in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 5.6, for 5 d before exposure and analysis. 

One harmful effect of acid rain is the deterioration of structures and statues made of marble or limestone, both of which are essentially calcium carbonate. The reaction of calcium carbonate with sulfuric acid yields carbon dioxide, water, and calcium sulfate. Because calcium sulfate is marginally soluble in water, part of the object is washed away by the rain. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with calcium carbonate. 

If the iron- and tin-based catalyst Indeed acts to inhibit radical propagation reactions then two major consequences of this effect can be tested in coal reactions. Firstly, and most importantly, the rate of the thermally Induced breakdown of the coal should be reduced in the initial minutes of the coal reaction. This has recently been demonstrated when iron catalysts were used in a series of short residence time studies ( v l2 minutes to temperature then autoclave quenched). The results, summarized in Table 2, show that the conversion of acid washed coal after rapid heating to 450 C had a conversion of 55% (daf coal) while the conversion of acid washed coal that had been re-exchanged with 240 mmol of iron kg (dry coal) had a conversion of only 46%. A similar trend was found for the reaction of as mined coal (39% conversion) and the same coal that had been treated with a solution of iron(II) acetate (300 mmol kg dry coal) and had a conversion of 33%. It is interesting to note that the natural Inorganics of the as-mlned coal had a very strong inherent activity to slow the rate of thermal decomposition. 

Inhibition effects induced by chlorine and reactivation by hydrolysis have been reported in the literature, but mainly from a phenomenological point of view in alkali metal catalysed steam gasification studies, However, a description of the charcoal reactivity in the presence of chlorine over the entire gasification stage is lacking. This study utilises the capability of acid washing to remove mineral matter from charcoal to separate structurally from catalytically determined contributions to the charcoal reactivity. 

Berry, E.D. and Cutter, C.N. 2000. Effects of acid adaptation of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 on efficacy of acetic acid spray washes to decontaminate beef carcass tissue. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66 1493-1498. 

Samelis, J., Sofos, J.N., Kendall, P.A., and Smith, G.C. 2002. Effect of acid adaptation on survival of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in meat decontamination washing fluids and potential effects of organic acid interventions on the microbial ecology of the meat plant environment. Journal of Food Protection 65 33M0. 

Silanizedsupports are Chromosorb supports that have been reacted with dimethyldichlorosilane (DMCS) or some similar compound to reduce surface active sites of the diatomaceous earth material. Chromosorb supports deactivated with DMCS provide less tailing, minimized catalytic effects, and improved results with low liquid loadings. Hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) also has been used. The combination of acid washing and DMCS treating is particularly effective in reducing adsorption. 

It has been reported (8-10,18) that neutral sulfate esters (diisoalkyl sulfates), which are soluble in the hydrocarbon phase, are not obtained in significant amounts in Exxon reactors. It was found (6,18), however, that both neutral sulfate esters and isoalkyl acid sulfates, which are soluble in the acid phase, are always obtained during alkylation processes. Such esters react with isobutane to give alkylates. Because of the long residence times employed in Exxon reactors, more of the neutral sulfate esters produced may have reacted. The effectiveness of caustic washes for the removal of these sulfate esters from the hydrocarbon streams have also been questioned (8-10). Caustic washing of the hydrocarbon... 

Three drops of pure nonanoic acid, colored with Tropaeoline (to saturation) on the curved side of a watch glass, allows us to evaluate the mobilization of viscous substances during a washing operation. See the effect of a washing with tap water (flow rate 120 mL per minute). Water does not dilute the product but just pushes it off, making a ring around the point of impact (Fig. 4.3). 

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