Solutions, list

Sodium cyanide is sold as granular or powder, pillow-shaped briquettes of 15-g and 30-g sizes, tablets of 30 g, and 30% aqueous solution. List price in 1991 was 1.85/kg. 

As an example, take the molecule aminoazobenzene, one of the solutes listed in Table 39. When colorimetric measurements were made at room temperature on very dilute aqueous solutions of HC1, containing a trace of this substance, it was found that neutral molecules and (BH)+ ions were present in equal numbers when the concentration of the HCl was 0.0016 molal.1 At this low concentration the activity coefficient of the HCl is very near unity, and we may use (216) to find how far the vacant proton level provided by the aminoazobenzene molecule in aque-... 

The standard enthalpies of formation of ions in aqueous solution listed at the bottom of Table 8.3 are relative values, established by taking... 

The solution that results from mixing contains all the ions of the original solutions. If any cation-anion combination results in an insoluble salt, that salt will precipitate from solution. List the ions and then apply the flowchart to find out whether any new combination of cations and anions gives an insoluble salt. If there is an insoluble salt, write the net ionic equation for its formation. 

Using the appropriate beaker, obtain about 75 mL of each of the solutions listed in step 2. 

It was assumed that linear polymeric particles are formed in the low water content solutions which show spinnability on the way of progressing hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction. In order to confirm this, the molecular weights and intrinsic viscosities of the solutions listed in Table 1 have been measured (2.). Figure 2 shows the log Mjj versus log[ri] plots. The slope of the plot a is larger than 0.5, that is, 0.75 and 0.64 respectively for solutions 1 and 2 of... 

The solution listed in Table E15.2B was obtained from several nonfeasible starting points, one of which is shown in Table E15.2C, by the generalized reduced gradient method. 

Concentration. For KBr, a solid solution, list milligrams of sample in 100 mg of KBr. For liquids, neat is used for liquids without solvents. 

Answer the following questions with respect to the five solutions listed above. 

To obtain y i2, that is, (dV/dn2)nij,p, we need values of V for a fixed quantity of water and for variable quantities 2 of ethanol. For this purpose we convert the relative weights given in Column 1 to relative numbers of moles, that is, to 2/wi in Column 2. The numbers in Column 2 also are the moles of ethanol accompanying one mole of water in each of the solutions listed in Column 1. 

Two series of the casting solutions listed In Tables 1 and 2 were prepared. 

Porous asymmetric CA membranes were prepared from all the solutions listed in Tables 1 and 2. Temperature of the casting solutions was 25°C except in one case which is later thoroughly discussed. The glass plate on which the solution was cast was kept at the same temperature as the casting dope. Temperature of the casting atmosphere was 20-25°C and the relative humidity was 60-65%. If not otherwise specified the evaporation period was as short as possible, i.e. the cast solution was immersed immediately into a gelation bath consisting of ice-cold water. 

The reverse osmosis results for membranes cast from the solutions listed in Table 1 are given in Figure 2. The shrinkage... 

In general, for unidirectional elementary reactions, it is easy to handle non-isothermal reaction kinetics. The solutions listed in Table 1-2 for the concentration evolution of elementary reactions can be readily extended to nonisothermal reactions by replacing kt with a = j k df. The concepts of half-life and mean reaction time are not useful anymore for nonisothermal reactions. 

Determination of Pore Size Distributions on the Surface of CA Membranes and Aromatic PAH Membranes. The organic solutes listed in Table IV were chosen as reference solutes, and then D and B values with respect to CA-398 and PAH materials were obtained by step 4. The results are listed in Table IV. Then, by using these B and D values, the average pore size and the pore size distribution on surfaces of membranes under study were calculated by following step 5. In these calculations, B and D values for CA-400 material were assumed to be equal to those of CA-398 material because of the closeness of acetyl content. The results are listed in Table II. 

By pH meter or by color comparison with indicators, the solutions listed below are found to have the pH values given. Calculate the ionization constant for each. 

All solutions listed under Materials and Supplies, except tyrosinase, should be stored in a constant-temperature bath. The tyrosinase solution should be stored in an ice bath. If there is no constant-temperature circulating bath on the spectrophotometer, maintain all solutions except tyrosinase at room temperature. Otherwise, set both the constant-temperature bath and the circulating bath at the same temperature. The recommended temperature range is 25 to 30°C. Turn on the spectrophotometer and recorder for warmup. Adjust the wavelength to 475 nm. 

NOTE The standard solutions listed above are for the most common acids found in several common juices. These are not all the acids found in each juice. For example, isocitric and citric acid are commonly found in raspberry juice, and the ratio of the two is an important factor for determining adulteration of the juice. 

With the exception of gas/gas mixtures, such as air, the different kinds of solutions listed in Table 11.1 involve condensed phases, either liquid or solid. Thus, all the intermolecular forces described in Chapter 10 to explain the properties of pure... 

Using the following procedure, you will use precipitation, flame tests, and pH levels to analyze eight unknown solutions to detect the presence of cations or anions in the solutions. Each solution will contain a cation or an anion to be detected. Solutions 1, 2, and 3 contain cations, and solutions 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 contain anions to be detected. The possible cations are Ag+, Ca +, and Cu +. The possible anions are OH , Cl, S04 , I , and P04. (Each unknown should be one of the solutions listed under materials above.)... 

Humidity Equilibration. The clays were humidified at 25°C in desiccators using a series of eutectic salts. Each dessicator was controlled at a different relative humidity using one of the saturated salt solutions listed in Table II. The samples were weighed repeatedly until equilibrium (constant weight) was reached. After the spectra were obtained, the samples were broken into three aliquots, reweighed and dried for -24 hours at 105°C to obtain the dry weights of the clay, from which the water contents were calculated. The water contents, as percent dry weight of the clay, are also shown in Table II. 

Spin-Hamiltonian parameters of complexes B and C (Table 8.15) compared with those known from the literature (see Refs, in the Table) allowed to conclude that these axial EPR spectra are characteristic of a slightly distorted octahedral coordination sphere, as it is valid for all Cu(II) complexes in frozen solutions listed in the table [201]. 

A number of prebonding surface preparations for bonding beryllium and its alloys with epoxy adhesives have been suggested in the literature. One procedure is to degrease the substrate with trichloroethylene, followed by immersion in the solution listed below for 5 to 10 min at 23°C. 

One of the three types of metathesis reactions is driven by the production of an insoluble solid. While we are going to go much more in depth about solubility in Chapter 15, there are some basic rules you can learn now that will provide you with more than enough information to predict the products of chemical reactions. These basic rules, usually referred to as solubility rules, are listed in Table 11.5. When reading the chart, keep in mind that all the solutions listed are aqueous solutions (water is the solvent). The term insoluble is not exactly correct. 

Note For the solutions listed below, use a Parr Closed Digestion Vessel (catalog number 4748) with polyethylene vessel liners. Any equivalent apparatus maybe used if the predigestion fortification recoveries are within the specifications noted below. 

Which solution listed below is going to have the highest boiling point ... 

Remote Substituent (R) Effect on Reaction Enthalpies and Entropies for the Ionization (Eq. 17) of Hexacoordinate Chloro Complexes in CD2C12 Solutions, Listed (for Each Group) in Order of Decreasing Electron-Releasing Power of R66... 

All of the solutions listed above give metal deposition onto reduced PMDA-, BTDA-, and B PDA-derived polyimides. During metal deposition, the characteristic visible absorbance of reduced films rapidly bleaches on exposure to an appropriate metal complex solution as the film reoxidizes. 

Prepare the CC3 solution by combining the following volumes of the solutions listed in Section 5 ... 

Effect of acid/base pretreatment on cocaine incorporation into Caucasian brown hair. The hair was exposed to the solutions listed for 3 h at 37°C and then washed with water until the water was pH neutral. The hair was rinsed two times with 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 5.6. The hair was then exposed to cocaine (5 pg/mL), decontaminated, and analyzed. To "restore" the hair, each sample was soaked in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 5.6, for 5 d before exposure and analysis. 

Prepare the solutions listed in Table 1. The HCl is reagent-grade concentrated hydrochloric acid containing —38 percent HCl by weight (about 12 M). Note that the solvent consists of a mixture of H2O and D2O, the latter added to provide a NMR lock. 

The main acidic component of vinegar is acetic acid (HC2H302). The formula is written to indicate that acetic acid has two chemically distinct types of hydrogen atoms. Formulas for acids are often written with the acidic hydrogen atom or atoms (any that will produce H+ ions in solution) listed first. If any nonacidic hydrogens are present, they are written later in the formula. Thus the formula HC2H302 indicates one acidic and three nonacidic hydrogen atoms. The dissociation reaction for acetic acid in water can be written as follows ... 

Two of the solutions listed in Table 5 are neutral both have a hydronium ion concentration of 1.00 x 10 M. The other solutions are either acidic or basic, depending on whether a strong acid or a strong base was dissolved in water. The solution listed last in Table 5 was made by dissolving 0.100 mol of NaOH in 1.00 L of water, so it has a hydroxide ion concentration of 0.100 M. Its hydronium ion concentration can be calculated using K, as shown below. 

Put 10 drops of each metal ion solution listed in the materials list except NaCl in a row in each well of the well strip. Put a row of 1.0 M HCl drops on a glass plate across from the metal ion solutions. Record the position of all of the chemicals placed in the wells. The wire will need to be cleaned thoroughly with HCl between each test solution to avoid contamination from the previous test. 

Calculate the mole fraction of NaCl, CaCl2, and NaOH in the solutions listed in the previons problem. 

If 1 mole of each of the solutes listed below is dissolved in 1 L of water, which solute will have the greatest effect on the vapor pressure of its respective solution ... 

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