Nonanoic acids

Mn (IT) is readily oxidized to Mn (ITT) by just bubbling air through a solution in, eg, nonanoic acid at 95°C, even in the absence of added peroxide (186). Apparently traces of peroxide in the solvent produce some initial Mn (ITT) and alkoxy radicals. Alkoxy radicals can abstract hydrogen to produce R radicals and Mn (ITT) can react with acid to produce radicals. The R radicals can produce additional alkylperoxy radicals and hydroperoxides (reactions 2 and 3) which can produce more Mn (ITT). If the oxygen feed is replaced by nitrogen, the Mn (ITT) is rapidly reduced to Mn (IT). 

Methylpyrazole has been investigated as a possible treatment for alcoholism. The stmcture—activity relationship (SAR) associated with a series of pyrazoles has been examined ia a 1992 study (51). These compounds were designed as nonprostanoid prostacyclin mimetics to inhibit human platelet aggregation. In this study, 3,4,5-triphenylpyrazole was linked to a number of alkanoic acids, esters, and amides. From the many compounds synthesized, triphenyl-IJT-pyrazole-l-nonanoic acid (80) was found to be the most efficacious candidate (IC g = 0.4 //M). 

Fig. 2-1 Proposed structures of three macrocycUc glycopeptides. On teicoplanin, R = 8-methyl-nonanoic acid.

Stearolic acid, C H- Oa, yields stearic acid on catalytic hydrogenation and undergoes oxidative cleavage with ozone to yield nonanoic acid and nonanedioic acid. What is the structure of stearolic acid ... 

CN [25-[2a(E),3p,4p,5a[2R, 3R (lR, 2R )]]].9-[[3-methyl-l-oxo-4-(tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[[3-(2-hydroxy-l-methylpropyl)oxiranyl]methyl]-2//-pyran-2-yl]-2-butenyl]oxy]nonanoic acid... 

The analyses using the LAZAR module 4 and VEGA have indicated that perfluor-ooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PENA) could be compounds with carcinogenic potential. 

Thus, the question is whether such classes of molecules were present on the young Earth. The only witnesses capable of giving an answer to this question are meteorites (Deamer, 1988). The group of David Deamer studied Murchison material after extraction and hydropyrolysis (at 370-570 K, with reaction times of several hours or days). GC and MS analyses showed the presence of a series of organic compounds, including significant amounts of amphiphilic molecules such as octanoic (C ) and nonanoic acids (C9) as well as polar aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Wide angle X-ray diffraction, WAXD, studies on the PHAs from octanoic acid (PHA-OCT), nonanoic acid (PHA-NON), and decanoic acid (PHA-DEC) showed that these polymers had the same features as synthetic comb-like polymers [54]. PHA-OCT is the most crystalline (AHm = 8.3 cal/g) and PHA-HEX (the PHA from hexanoic acid) is amorphous, while PHA-HEP (the PHA from hep-tanoic acid) has a very low degree of crystallinity (AHm= 1.3 cal/g). The degrees of crystallinity of PHA-OCT and PHA-NON were determined to be 20 and 30%,... 

Nonanoic acid + 6-Bromohexanoic acid 3-Hydroxy-4-bromobutyrate 3-Hydroxy-6-bromohexanoate 0-25... 

Nonanoic acid + 8-Bromooctanoic acid 3-Hydroxy-6-bromohexanoate 3-Hydroxy-8-bromooctanoate 0-25... 

Nonanoic acid+ll-Bromoundecanoic acid 3-Hydroxy-7-bromoheptanoate 3-Hydroxy-9-bromononanoate 0-38... 

There is considerable interest in synthesizing copolymers. This is actually possible if organisms are confronted with mixtures of so-called related and unrelated substrates. Copolymers can also be synthesized from unrelated substrates, e.g., from glucose and gluconate. The 3-hydroxydecanoate involved in the polyester is formed by diversion of intermediates from de novo fatty-acid synthesis [41,42]. Related , in this context, refers to substrates for which the monomer in the polymer is always of equal carbon chain length to that of the substrate offered. Starting from related substrates, the synthesis pathway is closely connected to the fatty-acid /1-oxidation cycle [43]. In Pseudomonas oleovor-ans, for example, cultivated on octane, octanol, or octanoic acid, the synthesized medium chain length polyester consists of a major fraction of 3-hydroxyoc-tanoic acid and a minor fraction of 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid. If P. oleovorans is cultivated on nonane, nonanol, or nonanoic acid, the accumulated polyester comprises mainly of 3-hydroxynonanoate [44]. 

Figure 11.1 Py/methylation GC/MS chromatograms of lead white pigmented linseed oil paint after 610 °C Curie point pyrolysis assisted with on line methylation using 2.5% methanolic TMAH (the sample and TMAH solution was applied onto a rotating Curie point wire pyrolysis time 6 s, interface 180°C). 1, heptenoic acid, methyl ester 2, heptanoic acid, methyl ester 3, butenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 4, butanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 5, octenoic acid, methyl ester 6, octanoic acid, methyl ester 7, pentenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 8, pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 9, nonanoic acid, methyl ester 10, hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 11, decanoic acid, methyl ester 12, heptanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 13, octanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 14, 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester 15, a methyl octanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 16, nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 17, a methoxy octanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 18, a methyl nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 19, a,a dimethyl nonenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 20a, a methyl nonenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 20b, a,a dimethyl nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 21, decanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 22, a methoxy nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 23, a methyl decan edioic acid, dimethyl ester 24, undecanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 25, a methoxy decan edioic acid, dimethyl ester 26, pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester 27, dodecanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 28, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 29, heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester 30, octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 31,8 methoxy 9 octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 32, 11 methoxy 9 octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 33, 9 methoxy 10 octadecenoic acid and 10 methoxy 8 octadecenoic acid 34, 9 oxo octadecanoic acid, 10 oxo octadecanoic acid 35, 9 epoxy octadecanoic acid 36, eicosanoic acid, methyl ester 37, 9,10 dimethoxy octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 38, docosanoic acid, methyl ester. Reprinted from J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 61, 1 2, van den Berg and Boon, 19, Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier...

Figure 11.2 Py/silylation GC/MS chromatograms of aged linseed oil pyrolysed in the pre sence of HMDS, (a) Pyrogram obtained with a microfurnace pyrolyser pyrolysis temperature 600 °C furnace pressure 14 psi purge flow 0.5 ml min (b) Pyrogram obtained with a resistively heated filament pyrolyser pyrolyser interface I80°C transfer line 300°C valve oven 290°C. 1, Hexenoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 2, hexanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 3, heptenoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 4, heptanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 5, octenoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 6, octanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 7, nonenoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 8, nonanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 9, decanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 10, lauric acid, trimethylsilyl ester 11, suberic acid, trimethylsilyl diester 12, azelaic acid, trimethylsilyl diester 13, myristic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 14, sebacic acid, trimethylsilyl diester 15, palmitic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 16, stearic acid, trimethylsilyl ester...

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