Economic sustainability analysis

If utilities are generated inside the facility, such as cooling water, the capital cost for outside the battery limits facilities are evaluated by APEA. Using the specified indirect cost, discount rate, tax, and interest, the discounted cash flow and the economic indicators are generated by APEA with the method described in Section Economic Sustainability Analysis. Parameters for economic evaluations and prices of the raw materials and products are shown in Table 6.8. Utility costs for electricity, steam, and... 

When a material has been prepared to contain only a few cfp, it is normal that, due to the homogeneity limits of the procedure and the material composition, some capsules contain a few cfp and some others contain no cfp at all. The laboratory classifies the capsules containing cfp as positive. Those containing no cfp are classified as negative. The certificate of analysis of a CRM contains tables with the expected minimum number (with a 95% probability) of positive isolations for a certain number of capsules analysed. The optimal number of capsules that a laboratory should use is not mentioned in the certificate of the CRM. For low level (C)RMs replicates are not possible as the capsule is used as a whole. It is necessary to determine the number of capsules that allows a good evaluation of the performance of the method in the user s laboratory. This number of experiments must remain economically sustainable. This can be done with statistical methods as will be explained with examples below. 

ABSTRACT This paper uses quantile regression and OLS regression to analysis the factors of coal consumption of china. In contrast, we find a lot of differences between quantile and OLS, quantile regression gives more conditions. This gave us more theoretical support for China economic sustainable... 

Costanza R (1993) Ecological and economic systems analysis order and chaos. In Barbier EB (ed) Economic and ecology new frontiers and sustainable development. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 27-45... 

For the retrofit action, which does not affect the external stakeholders, the process assessment area is the most suitable boundary for sustainability analysis (Fig. 11.2). In the process assessment, the areas of improvement are the traditional economic indicators applied to retrofit design analysis. The operational results as well as the investment analysis of the proposed retrofit designs are accounted for. The operational results are the traditional indicators applied by engineers in retrofit design assessment [12]. They should be always contemplated, since after the implementation of a retrofit design those costs are going to be incurred at least for the next 5 years (minimum lifetime for a project). Regarding the operational results, several authors point out different aspects that should... 

Since a sustainable economic outcome must be achieved for any new process technology or proposed modification for commercial-scale use, chapter Sustainable Engineering Economic and Profitabihty Analysis addresses how sustainability analysis strongly impacts process economics and vice versa. In addition, some methodologies and approaches for capturing these impacts and interactions during process design are proposed. 

The proper design criteria for a modem utility plant should include both environmental and economic requirements. In other words, not only the capital and operating costs of a utility plant but also the corresponding utility wastes must be minimised. The paper presents a systematic multicriteria process synthesis approach for designing sustainable and economic utility systems. The proposed approach enables the design engineer to systematically derive optimal utility systems which are economically sustainable and economic by embedding Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles within a multiple objective optimisation framework. It combines the merits of total site analysis, LCA, and multi-objective optimisation techniques... 

Step 6 Sustainability analysis with respect to resource consumption and environmental impact In this section, the two highest ranking optimal processing paths identified with respect to the techno-economical metrics presented in Figures 1.9 and 1.10 were selected for further analysis with respect to the following sustainability metrics, resource consumption and enviromnental impact, using two software tools, SustainPro and LCSoft, respectively. 

In summary, the framework presented is a promising tool to represent the ever-increasing number of biorefinery alternatives with their competing technologies and routes and help evaluate them at their optimality for early-stage design and analysis purposes in terms of techno-economic analysis. Sustainability analysis and environmental impact assessment are included in the framework which enables a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the biorefinery alternatives. The framework helps formulate a multicriteria evaluation (techno-economic, environmental impact, and sustainability analysis) of the biorefinery concept. 

A useful example of sustainable design comes from BASF, and their development of the eco-efficiency tool. This tool seeks to integrate the combined aspects of each of the three pillars in an attempt to quantify the most sustainable products and illustrates some of the concerns associated with evaluating sustainable products. For example, the economic analysis includes a total cost of ownership that goes beyond the purchase price of a product to incorporate the cost of operation, the cost of environmental health and safety, and the cost of labour. Thus, even though a product may have a lower purchase price, it may be more expensive to use and thus costlier over the total life cycle of the product. 

Meyer-Aurich A (2005) Economic and environmental analysis of sustainable farming practices - a Bavarian case study. Agric Sys 86 190-206... 

Society must become more sustainable to conserve the resources that make humans productive. A more complete economic analysis and accounting would stimulate improved efficiency for economic development and promote a future with sustainable prosperity. 

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