Ecology and ecosystems

Haswell s book urges us to steward the distinctive climate, ecology, and ecosystem (62, 67) of assessment and learning in our organizations. 

Natural Capital, Industrial Ecology, and Ecosystem Services—... 

Raven, Peter H., Linda R. Berg, and David M. Hassenzahl, Environment, 6th ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2008. Schmitz, Oswald J., Ecology and Ecosystem Conservation, Island Press, Washington DC, 2007. 

On the history of ecology and ecosystems ecology, see Hagen, Entan ed Bank McIntosh, Background of Ecology and Mitman, State of Nature. 

Ecosystem net primary production Combining ecology and remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 51, 74-88. 

Straskraba M, Tundisi JG (1999) Reservoir ecosystem functioning theory and application. In Tundisi JG, Straskraba M (eds) Theoretical reservoir ecology and its applications. International Institute of Ecology. Brazilian Academy of Sciences and Backhuys Publishers, Leiden... 

Camargo JA, Alonso A (2006) Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems a global assessment. Environ Int 32 831-849... 

Nadelhoffer, K.J. and Fry, B. 1994 Nitrogen isotope studies in forest ecosystems. In Lajtha, K. and Michener, R.H., eds.. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science. Blackwell Scientific Publications 22 4. 

Peterson, BJ. and Fry, B. 1987 Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18 293-320. 

Ecosystem services can be considered as being the goods and services provided by coupled ecological and social systems. They provide our material needs and quality of life, and we all depend on the sustainable use of ecosystems services. The Millennium Ecosystems Assessment has brought the continual capacity for coupled ecological-social systems to deliver eco-systems services into public attention. It states that the ability of many systems to deliver valuable services has been compromised by over-exploitation of several resources and environmental degradation. 

R. Sanders, J. P. Clapp, and A. Wiemken, The genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural ecosystems—a key to understanding the ecology and functioning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytol. /ii 123 (1996). 

Nelson E, Mendoza G, Regetz J, Polasky S, Tallis H, Cameron D, Chan KM, et al. Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 2009. 7 pp. 4-11. doi 10.1890/080023... 

The background methods used for valuing ecosystem services are often similar for ecological and environmental economists. The valuation methods are presented earlier in this chapter. 

The assessment of acute and chronic adverse effects induced by chemicals in both human and ecological (plants, animals, ecological chains, and ecosystems) targets is one of the most important scopes of environmental toxicology and sciences. In particular, the evaluation of the risk derived from the exposure to complex mixtures from environmental and diet sources is a challenging task which needs strategies, efforts, and time to reach the objectives of health protection. 

UNFCCC (1997) Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. Document FCCC/CP/1997/7/ Add 1, http //www.unfccc.de Van Cleve K, Powers RF (1995) Soil carbon, soil formation, and ecosystem development. In McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds) Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 155-200 Wedin TA, Tieszen LL, Dewey B, Pastor J (1995) Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 76 1383-1392... 

Diez S, Barata C, Raldua D (2008) Exposure to mercury a critical assessment of adverse ecological and human health effects. In Prasad MNV (ed) Trace elements as contaminants and nutrients consequences in ecosystems and human health. Wiley, New York, pp 345-373... 

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