Millennium Ecosystems Assessment

Ecosystem services can be considered as being the goods and services provided by coupled ecological and social systems. They provide our material needs and quality of life, and we all depend on the sustainable use of ecosystems services. The Millennium Ecosystems Assessment has brought the continual capacity for coupled ecological-social systems to deliver eco-systems services into public attention. It states that the ability of many systems to deliver valuable services has been compromised by over-exploitation of several resources and environmental degradation. 

Table 2 Functions and services of river ecosystems. Classification according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment...

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report. 

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Model of Biospheric Water Balance Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Program Model for Energy Flow... 

Ecosystem services are the goods and services provided by coupled and ecological social systems. They are at the heart of our quality of life by providing the materials on which we base our lifestyles, and we all inevitably depend on the sustainable use of ecosystem services. The millennium ecosystems assessment brought this to our attention (Ecosystems and Human Well-Being, 2007) by stating that the ability of many ecosystems to deliver valuable services has been compromised by resource over-exploitation and by environmental degradation. 

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being current state and trends. Findings of the condition and trends working group, chapter 15. ISBN 1-55963-228-3. 

Howarth, R. W., Ramakrishna, K., Choi, E., Elmgren, R., Martinefli, L., Mendoza, A., Moomaw, W., Palm, C., Boy, R., Scholes, M., and Zhao-Liang, Z. (2005). Chapter 9 Nutrient Management, Responses Assessment. In Ecosystems and Human Well-being, Volume 3, Policy Responses, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC. pp. 295—311. 

The latest Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Reports commissioned by the United Nations. 

Hassan, R., Scholes, R., Neville, A. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being Current state and trends. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Washington, DC Island Press. 

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being Biodiversity Synthesis, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. 

Figure 2.1 Variation in rate of extinction over time. Distant past = average extinction rates estimated from fossil record. Recent past = calculated from known extinctions (lower estimate) or known plus possibly extinct species (upper bound). Future = model derived estimates including species-area, rates of shift between threat categories, probability associated with lUCN threat categories, impact of projected habitat loss and correlation of species loss with energy consumption. Redrawn from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)...

As this book went to press, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Committee (2005) issued an interim report on the state of the Earth s ecosystems and the services they provide. This report, based on a four-year study and the collective findings of 1,300 scientists from 95 countries, provides a synthesis of environmental data on an unprecedented scale (see the Living Planet Reports of the World Wide Fund for Nature discussed on p. 202-205) and arrives at four conclusions as summarized below ... 

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