Eastern spruce

E)-l 1-tetradecenal [35746-21-5] CH3CH2CH=CH(CH2)9CHO eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumifemna... 

Barry, J. Ciesla, W. Ford, R. Luebbe, R. Whitcombe, L. Young, R., "Spray Deposit Maine 1976 Operational Project for Control of the Eastern Spruce Budworm Comparing Effectiveness of Sevin 4-oil 3/4 and 1 pound per acre" USDA For. Serv., Methods Application Group, Davis, CA. 1976. 

Figure 2 represented a log-probit plot of the observed inhibition of purified bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase as a function of concentration for several of the transformation products of aminocarb. The observation that these inhibition curves are parallel suggests a similar mechanism of interaction for the various derivatives. The parameter I5f. (the concentration of inhibitor required to achieve 50% inhibition oi the enzyme activity) for each of the inhibitors were calculated and are recorded in Table 1. These values are reported relative to the parent compound aminocarb = 1. Also included in Table 1 are the relative toxicities of several of these products to house crickets (Acheta domesticus). It had been our intention to develop bioassay tests using the target insect itself, the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana). However, spray tower results were quite variable and it was considered that genetic variability of the stock culture made the production of uniform test batches difficult to achieve. Using the house crickets, an LD q of 130-155 ppm for aminocarb standard was observed over the course of more than 25 bioassays. Also included in Table 1 are observations by Abdel-Wahab and Casida (19) using human plasma or house fly head cholinesterases. 

Eastern spruce budworm (iChoristoneura fumiferana) S (11E) tetradec-11-enal F (11Z) tetradec-11-enal t... 

The sex attractant of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, is (E)-ll-tetradecenal (73). A probable precursor, (E)-ll-tetradecen-l-ol, is produced in the sex attractant gland (74), but this compound, which inhibits the male response to the aldehyde, does not appear to be released by the calling female. The (Z)-isomer of tetradecenal has been identified as one of the sex pheromones of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens it is accompanied by (Z)-ll-hexadecenal (75, 76)7 Similarly, the female of the striped rice borer secretes two alkenals--(Z)-ll-hexadecenal and (Z)-13-octadecenal as its sex pheromone blend (77). 

Monitoring the Performance of Eastern Spruce Budworm Pheromone Formulations... 

The eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clem., is one of the most economically important coniferous forest defoliators in the world. Several mating disruption experiments and field trials have been conducted since the mid 1970 s (5, 6). A great deal has been learned in the process but no clear-cut conclusions regarding the feasibility of this approach as a management tool have, as yet, emerged. In an effort to simplify the interpretation of future field experiments, we undertook a study... 

Polcin and Rapson [12] have shown that hydrosulfite predominantly attacks simple quinoid, a,p-unsaturated aldehyde and anthocyanidine structures found in groundwood pulps prepared from western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and eastern spruce (Picea glauca). A few years later, de Vries et al. [13,14] have demonstrated that hydrosulfite can reduce many types of aldehydes and ketones in solution according to the mechanism shown in Figure 13.1. Ketones were found to react sluggishly in water, esters are hydrolyzed, while carboxylic acids and amines are not reduced. 

Figure 3. Material balance for separation of liquid pyrolysi product from eastern spruce wood.

The role of enzymatic activity in the biosynthesis of the sex pheromone /r w.s-ll-tetradecenyl acetate (2) of the eastern spruce bud worm Choristoneura fumirans was investigated by Morse and Meighen 195). 

Other syntheses include those of (E)-5-decen-1-ol, (E )-9-do-decenyl acetate and (E)-9,11-dodecadi enyl acetate and ( )-ll-tetradecen-1-ol. An 89 11 ratio of (f)- and ( Z )-11-tetradecenal, the components present in the pheromone of the Eastern spruce bud-worm, Choristoneura fumiferana, has been deve1 oped,beginning with technical grade oleyl alcohol... 

Stadler, E., Stadler-Steinbriichel, M. and Seabrook, W. D. (1974) Chemoreceptors on the proboscis of the female eastern spruce budworm. Morphological and histological study. Mitt, Schweiz, Ent, GeselL, 47, 63-8. 

Palanaswamy, P. and Seabrook, W. D. (1978) Behavioral responses of the female Eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, to the sex pheromone of her own species. J. Chem. Ecol., 4, 649-55. 

In the eastern spruce budworm, the differential adaptation of a receptor site by a pheromone and an inhibitor acting on a common receptor site probably indicates a different affinity of each of these molecules for the common receptor site 337). It seems reasonable to assume that the oxygen atoms of the bicyclic ketals will be involved in the interaction at the receptor site. For this reason, quantum calculations were carried out on all three of these bicyclic ketals in order to determine the relative negative charge on the oxygen atoms (Caputo and Brand,... 

The male responds to one attractant pheromone component and is inhibited by two others. Surveys with small attractant traps have been shown to be extremely effective in catching male spruce budworms in areas where conventional larval sampling has failed to locate any insects. Again, the potential use of the attractant is considerable, but implementation of the system for monitoring low density populations requires calibration of the catches with population density which must await the decline of the current extensive infestations to endemic levels. (570). Sanders (570) has summarized the results of a semi-operational attempt at disruption of spruce budworm mating by the synthetic attractant in Ontario in 1977 Semi-operational trials of the aerial dispersion of the synthetic attractant of the eastern spruce budworm from aircraft have... 

Another company (624, 625) supplies a controlled release dispenser, which is a three-layer plastic laminated sheet consisting of a bottom protective layer, a middle pheromone reservoir layer, and a top permeable layer through which the pheromone diffuses. The sheet can be cut into ribbons and applied over an area. Formulations have been field tested on a number of insect pests gypsy moth, pink bollworm, peachtree borer, lesser peach tree borer, soybean looper, cabbage looper, European elm bark beetle, tobacco budworm, fall armyworm, tussock moth, eastern spruce budworm, and Mediterranean fruit fly. 

Weatherston, J., W. Roelofs, and A. Comeau Studies of physiologically active arthropod secretions. X. Sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera Tortricidae). Can. Entomol. 103, 1741—1747 (1971). 

Stadler, E. Host plant stimuli affecting oviposition behavior of the eastern spruce budworm. Ent. exp. Appl. 17, 176—188 (1974). 

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