Differential adaptation

REGULATED EXPRESSION OF GENES IS REQUIRED FOR DEVELOPMENT, DIFFERENTIATION, ADAPTATION... 

Although the ecological consequences of enhanced UVB exposure to algal species are still largely unexplored, some data exist and some assumptions can be made. Based on the differential adaptation and acclimation capabilities in different algal species, UVB may, even under non-depleted ozone conditions, substantially affect the structure of communities, as well as modulate productivity, reproduction, vertical distribution, biodiversity and succession, competition, and alga-herbivore interactions (Bischof et al. 2006a). 

Subtle differences In allelochemlcally based host preference and/or the ability to survive on various hosts may have very significant Implications for the population dynamics and geographical ecology of Insects (1-4). Differential adaptations... 

The vision literature contains a great variety of different absorption profiles for the chromophores of vision. They have been acquired using a variety of means. The chemist prefers to measure the absorbance of individual chromophores in a standard one centimeter cell as a function of wavelength. The chromophore is usually present in a dilute solution. The psychophysiologist prefers an in-vivo test under conditions of differential adaptation. The results from these two methods have shown considerable disparity. This work will show that, for the in-vivo situation (and adequate differential adaptation in the psychophysical situation), the actual L-channel peak is in human vision is at 625 nm. This is the peak wavelength observed in all other biological species. 

Baker Rushton continued to show that erythrolabe was present in both normals and deutranopes174. They also showed the results of differential adaptation but without any calibration of the bleach parameter and a sparse sampling of the spectrum. The figures do not provide unequivocal separation of the spectra. 

Figure 5.7.1-1 Spectral sensitivity (mass recording) of Deilephila elpenor retina compared to the templates of Dartnal Individual curves were obtained during differential adaptation. From Hoglund et. al., 1973...

Le Poul E, Boni C, Hanoun N, et al. Differential adaptation of brain 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and 5-HT transporter in rats treated chronically with fluoxetine. Neuropharmacology 2000 39 110-122. 

Bassareo V, De Luca MA, Aresu M, Aste A, Ariu T, Di Chiara G (2003) Differential adaptive properties of accumbens shell dopamine responses to ethanol as a drug and as a motivational stimulus. Eur J Neurosci 77(7) 1465-1472. 

In nature, various different species use plate armor for protection, with differentiated adaptations for movement. Surprisingly, in nature, separate lines of evolution have emerged, each focused only on a specific requirement maximization of protection, maximization of mobility, or finding a balance between protection and mobility. 

Cladistics for Products and Manufacturing, Fig. 9 Assembly system layout using cladistics for delayed product differentiation (Adapted fiom (AlGeddawy and EfMaraghy 2011))... 

Fig. 13.12 The central part of the Basement sill in the ice-free valleys of southern Victoria Land is enriched in MgO. The Mg-enrichment coincides with the distribution of hypersthene ((Mg, Fe)2Si20g) in addition to Mg-bearing augite (Ca(Mg,Fe, Al) (Al,Si)20g) and pigeonite (Ca,Mg,Fe silicate) (Gunn 1966). The accumulation of coarsely crystalline hypersthene in the middle of the Basement sill was attributed by Marsh and Philipp (1996) to flowage differentiation (Adapted from Fig. 2 of Marsh and Philipp 1996)...

The series of priming reactions and synthetic mechanisms described in Part Three of this book give some idea of the chemical processes occurrii in the biosphere. Superimposed on this general bad round there are many variations, simplifications or amplifications arisii from the differentiation, adaptation and evolution of both the cells and the organism. Without them life would become extinct. 

Payne and Dickens (357) have described a technique to elucidate the specificity of the receptor system of the southern pine beetle, D. frontalis. The technique employs the differential adaptation of the antennal olfactory receptors to various test compounds either the single unit recording technique or the electroantennogram (EAG) technique is used. It is designed to determine whether different compounds are recognized by the same receptor site and is based on the exposure of the antennal preparation to one compound until the site is completely adapted, followed by exposure to a test compound. It is claimed that failure to show a response to a test compound after adaptation to another indicates that all the chemorecognition sites for the test compound are occupied by the first compound. As it had been shown that the receptors for both bicyclic ketals and host terpenes respond with equal intensites (358), Dickens and Payne (321) calculated the percent of the acceptors (receptor sites) capable of interacting with the various compounds tested. 

In the eastern spruce budworm, the differential adaptation of a receptor site by a pheromone and an inhibitor acting on a common receptor site probably indicates a different affinity of each of these molecules for the common receptor site 337). It seems reasonable to assume that the oxygen atoms of the bicyclic ketals will be involved in the interaction at the receptor site. For this reason, quantum calculations were carried out on all three of these bicyclic ketals in order to determine the relative negative charge on the oxygen atoms (Caputo and Brand,... 

Payne and Finn 364) have recently studied the pheromone receptor system of females of the greater wax moth. Galleria mellonella. The male produces -nonanal and -undecanal in its wing glands. Using the differential adaptation technique on female antennal preparations, the authors concluded that -nonanal reacts with both acceptors (receptor sites), whereas w-undecanal reacts with only one acceptor (receptor site). 

---