Esters of succinic acid

Corrosion inhibitors partial esters of succinic acid, fatty acids, sulfonates, phenates, amine phosphates. 

Esters of succinic acid condense to esters of succinylsuccinic acid (1 4-diketohexamethylene-2 5-dicarboxylic esters). Study Baeyer s work on the hydrogenated derivatives of benzene, based on this synthesis. 

Difor Bis)( propyD-succinate (called Dipropyl Ester of Succinic Acid in CA) (Called Bernstein saure-di propyl ester, in Ger) CH2-CO2-CH2.CH2.CH3... 

Thus the diethyl ester of succinic acid is formed from ethyl potassium malonate ... 

The Brown-Walker 1 method has been found to be of excellent service in the electrolysis of the potassium salts of the mono-esters of malonie acid. The formation of the diethyl ester of succinic acid from ethyl potassium malonate has already been mentioned fp. 103). 

The conversion of alcohol to the half ester of succinic acid ( hemi-succinate ) introduces a carboxyl group available for conjugation. This method (Table 12.6) has been used for a large number of haptens (Steiner et al., 1969 Den Hollander et al., 1974 Okabayashi et al., 1977). The bifunctional reagent, sebacoyldichloride, converts alcohol to acid chloride which, at pH 8.5, reacts readily with proteins (Bailey and Butler, 1967). 

An anhydride reacts with an alcohol to produce an ester and a carboxylic acid. So when succinic anhydride is heated in methanol it produces the monomethyl ester of succinic acid. This Is apparent from the presence of an OH band and two carbonyl bands in the IR spectrum and the signal at 10.25 5 in the NMR spectrum of the product. However, in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid, the carboxylic acid group of the initial product reacts with methanol to form a diester. This is consistent with the IR spectrum of this product and the fact that it shows only three absorptions in its C-NMR spectrum. 

Isostearyl diglyceryl succinate Synonyms Butanedioic acid, esters with isooctadecanol and glycerol dimer Definition Mixed ester of succinic acid with isostearyl alcohol and a glycerin polymer contg. an avg. of 2 units Properties Nonionic... 

Mono- or dialkyl esters of succinic acid are formed by the addition of fatty alcohols or ethoxylated fatty alcohols to maleic anhydride in the presence of acid catalysts. These are the hydrophobic starting material for sulfosuccinates. The next step is the addition of sodium hydrogensulfite in aqueous methanol, which forms the surface-active sulfosuccinates via a radical reaction. 

Glycerin ethylene oxide ether, end capped with acetate groups Ester of succinic acid and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Ester of adipic acid and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether Ester of 1,3,6-hexatricarboxylic acid and butyl diglycol... 

Gerhardt s criterion of dibasic (and polybasic) acids is that these yield two (or more) esters of which one (or more) is acid and one is neutral. Monobasic acids form only one amide, one nitrile and one anilide, whilst the acid ammonium salts of dibasic acids (e.g. succinic) by loss of water can form also an amide-acid and a nitrile, and only the dibasic acids give anilide-acids. Salts and esters of succinic acid were investigated by F. Darcet, who discovered succinic anhydride, succinamide and succinimide, and all were again investigated by Fehling. ... 

Esters of mono- and diacylglycerols with acetic acid (E472a) are used as substances preventing crystallisation of fats, esters of succinic acid have found use as flour conditioners (enhancers), esters of citric acid as emulsifiers, solvents for antioxidants and fat substitutes in some foods. They also enhance the baking properties of flour. 

Ladriere, L., Louchami, K., Vinambres, C., et al. (1998) Insulinotropic action of the monoethyl ester of succinic acid. General Pharmacology, 31, 377-383. 

Garcia-Martinez, J.A., Zhang, T.M., Villanueva-Penacarrillo, M.L., et al. (1997) In vivo stimulation of insulin release by the monoethyl, monopropyl, monoisopropyl, monoallyl and diallyl esters of succinic acid. Research Communications in Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology, 95,209-216. 

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