Drums filling

L. G. Britton and J. A. Smith, Electrostatic Hazards of Drum Filling, Paper presented at AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium, Minneapolis, Aug. 1987. 

Drum filling or emptying 100 cfm/ft2 container cross-section (30 m/min)... 

Baffle-tube support plate area, in thermal design, 13 258 Bafilomycin A, 2 817 Bag and drum filling, industrial hygiene and, 14 209 Bagasse, 23 444, 447 burning, 23 449-450 uses for, 23 483 Bag cleaning... 

The Colonel cut in, his knuckles beating a loud drum-fill on the black glass of the desktop. We can go back to that, he said, his English flawless and the words delivered with care, like handmade sweets wrapped in the crumpled paper of a Russian accent. His eyes stayed on Fitz as he arched a brow. Where is the Doctor now ... 

The process of granulation was carried out batch-wise in a drum of diameter 0.5 and 0.4 m long at a constant rotational speed n = 20 rpm and constant drum filling (cp = 10%), for a range of moisture contents w [kg of water/kg of dry material] selected for each raw material separately. A schematic diagram of the experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 2. 

The main outlet of the vessel should be at least 75 mm in diameter to allow for a fast flow of the prepolymer. The outlet can be connected either to a recirculating pump or directly to a filter prior to the drum filling. The pump must be capable of pumping the most viscous material quickly. Another key point to be noted when selecting a pump is that it has to have suitable glands. It also must be able to withstand the cleaning solvents and be readily stripped for clearing any buildup in the pump. 

Britton, L.G., and Smith, J. A., Static hazards of drum filling Parts 1 and 2, Plant/Operations Progress, 7, No. 1, January 1988. 

The transfer quantity is small (greater than 100 pounds but less than 1000 pounds), so it s more like drum filling than a tank transfer. 

Because of the extremely diverse situations in which hazardous materials are involved, each study presents unique problems. Table I illustrates the diversity, both in waste materials and exposure settings, of eight recent toxic waste situations. Differences, in fact, can be quite large, ranging from the common drum-filled dump site to the widespread dispersal of waste material. Some generalizations, however, can be made about these kinds of studies. 

Figure 4 shows multiple parallel profiles taken with a continuous reading gradiometer over the drum-filled burial trench (the same trench from which Figure 2 was taken). These profiles, which add confirmation of the presence of drums in the trench, were taken inside a high steel fence erected around the suspected burial site. (2 ... 

A number of accidents have occurred as a result of the discharge of static electricity. The latter can be generated even by the flow of fluids. To provide additional protection against explosion or fire due to the discharge of static electricity, determine what temperature an acetone drum filling operation would have to maintain so that flammable mixtures would not be produced by vapor-air mixtures in equilibriurr with the liquids. The lower flammable limit (LFL) for acetone vapor in air is 2.55 percent by volume. 

The ventilation blower for the drum filling station has a flow of 5000 acfin at 25°C and 14.7 psia and contains a pyridine concentration of 2000 ppm (plant hygienist data). 

DRUMS FILLED WITH ALCOHOL/WATER SOLUTION... 

The dry sediment with a mean moisture content of 3.5% (calculated by drying a separate portion of sediment at 105°C for 3-4 h) was passed through a tungsten carbide-bladed hammermill and sieved to pass apertures of 90 pm. The <90 pm fraction was collected in a PVC mixing drum (filled with dry argon) and homogenised for 14 days at about 48 rpm. 

Coal 180 by manual filling after re-mixing the sample in a mixing drum filled with dry argon, which was replaced every 3 h ... 

Delayed coking is a well developed commercial process (6), and operates on a semi-continuous basis. Feed, usually vacuum residue, mixed with steam, is continuously pumped through tubular heaters in which it is heated to its incipient coking temperature. At this temperature the feed is injected into an insulated drum where coking takes place. The vapors produced in the drum during coking are continuously removed and fractionated. The fractions usually include coker naphtha and light and heavy coker gas oils. As a drum fills up, feed is switched to another drum. Meanwhile, the full drum is steam stripped, cooled and the coke drilled out. Whereas feed is continuously supplied to the drum, the coke is recovered intermittently. 

Dichlorobenzene is burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. It may be buried in an approved landfill in a lab pack, an open-head steel drum filled with small containers of wastes securely packed with vermiculite. 

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