Nonvolatile organic compounds

Various methods for the glc monitoring of EPA Consent Decree Priority PoUutants in water have been described (36) (see Regulatory agencies). The deterrnination of organic poUutants in water by glc and ms methods has also been detailed (37,38). Nonvolatile organic compounds in drinking water have been determined by hplc (39) (see Water, pollution). 

Tolg, G., and K, Ballschmiler Studies on Ultramicro- and Trace Analysis of Organic Substances. VI. Determination of Hydrogen in Nonvolatile Organic Compounds with 10—40 p.g of Substance. Microchem. J. 9, 257 (1965). 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a separation technique based on a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase. Separations are achieved by partition, adsorption, exclusion, or ion-exchange processes, depending on the type of stationary phase used. HPLC has distinct advantages over gas chromatography for the analysis of nonvolatile organic compounds. Compounds to be analyzed are dissolved in a liquid, and most separations take place at room temperature. 

Protein precipitants fall into four broad categories (1) salts, (2) organic solvents, (3) long-chain polymers, and (4) low-molecular-mass polymers and nonvolatile organic compounds. 

Nonvolatile Organic Compounds Carbamates, Substituted Amides, and Phenylureas in Water and Soil... 

Reference Modified from Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 42 15 (1990) and Bakerbond Application Note EN-025 Extraction of Nonvolatile Organic Compounds from Water. Published with permission of... 

Both organic and Inorganic species can be Identified from SIMS mass spectra (12). One specialized commercial SIMS Instrument was designed to determine the molecular weight and structure of nonvolatile organic compounds (5fl). Although molecular SIMS has not been widely exploited for semiconductor process... 

A nonvolatile organic compound Z was used to make up two solutions. Solution A contains 5.00 g of Z dissolved in 100 g of water, and solution B contains 2.31 g of Z dissolved in 100 g of benzene. Solution A has a vapor pressure of 754.5 mmHg at the normal boiling point of water, and solution B has the same vapor pressure at the normal boiling point of benzene. Calculate the molar mass of Z in solutions A and B and account for the difference. 

Bellar, T. A. and Budde, W. L., Determination of nonvolatile organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 60, 2076-2083, 1988. 

Several types of LC and one nonchromatographic separation system for liquids have been interfaced with MS. HPLC is widely used to separate nonvolatile organic compounds of all polarities and molecular weights. Coupled to a mass spectrometer, the technique is called LC-MS. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and the nonchromatographic separation technique of capillary electrophoresis (CE) are also used with mass spectro-metric detection. The interfacing, ionization sources, operation, and applications of these hyphenated methods are covered in Chapter 13. 

Ultrasonic LSE is most applicable to the isolation of semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds from solid matrices such as soil, sediment, clays, sand, coal tar, and other related solid wastes. U-LSE is also very useful for the disruption of biological material such as serum or tissue. U-LSE can be coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) to give a very robust sample preparation method at relatively low cost in comparison to MAE and ASE approaches. The author has utilized U-LSE/SPE to isolate and recover 9,10-dimethyl-l,2-benzanthracene from animal bedding. A 89% recovery was obtained for bedding that was spiked with this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of interest to toxicologists (20). An ultrasonic horn and tip are immersed into a mixture of liquid extractant and solid sample and sonicated at some percent of full power for a finite length of time, either continuously or pulsed. 

Studies of organic compounds in rain and snow that showed that only a small portion (about 0.1%) of the chlorinated organic material was volatile enough for examination directly by GC techniques prompted a study of the nonvolatile organic compounds in such samples by Py-GC/MS and Py-GC/AED." The use of atomic emission... 

Soil vapor extraction and/or venting (introduction of air) Volatile organic compounds and aerobically degraded nonvolatile organic compounds Treatment of off gases... 

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