Drilling lime

Petroleum. Apart from its use ia petrochemicals manufacture, there are a number of small, scattered uses of lime ia petroleum (qv) production. These are ia making red lime (drilling) muds, calcium-based lubricating grease, neutralization of organic sulfur compounds and waste acid effluents, water treatment ia water flooding (secondary oil recovery), and use of lime and pozzolans for cementing very deep oil wells. 

Inhibited Muds—Dispersed Systems. These are water-base drilling muds that repress the hydration and dispersion of clays. There are essentially four types of inhibited muds lime muds (high pH), gypsum muds (low pH), seawater muds (unsaturated saltwater muds, low pH), and saturated saltwater muds (low pH). 

Lime-treated muds are prepared from freshwater drilling muds. The conversion should be made inside the basing. The initial step in conversion of freshwater mud to a lime mud involves dilution of the mud with water to reduce the clay solids content to avoid excessive mud viscosity (breakover). The recommended sequence of material addition is... 

Depending on the hole depth, the entire procedure requires 2 to 6 hr. Holes of over 11,000 ft have been successfully unloaded using the aeration method. A well can be dusted, mist-drilled, dried up and returned to dust drilling. To dry a hole properly, it is important that it be kept clean. Drying agents have been tried but without much success. The best drying agent available at the present lime is the formation itself. 

Water-based drilling muds that repress hydration of clays (lime muds, gypsum muds, seawater muds, saturated saltwater muds)... 

A formulation consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, and itaconic acid has been proposed [676]. Such polymers are used as fluid loss control additives for aqueous drilling fluids and are advantageous when used with lime- or gypsum-based drilling muds containing soluble calcium ions. 

C. O. Walker. Encapsulated lime as a lost circulation additive for aqueous drilling fluids. Patent US 4614599, 1986. 

Flocculants cause colloidal clay particles to coagulate thus promoting separation from the drilling fluid which has been circulated down the wellbore and returned to the surface. The treated fluid may then be pumped back down the well bore. Sodium chloride, hydrated lime, gypsum, sodium tetraphosphate, polyacrylamide, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), cationic polyacrylamides, and poly(ethylene oxide) have been used commercially. 

Corrosion inhibitors are used to reduce the corrosion of surface equipment, surface casing, and the drill string by drilling and well treatment fluids. Many different corrosion inhibitors have been used. These include amine salts such as ammonium sulfite -bisulfite blends, zinc carbonate, zinc chromate, hydrated lime, fatty amine salts of alkylphosphates, cationic polar amines, ethoxylated amines, and tertiary cyclic amines. Commercial products are usually proprietary blends of chemicals. 

Use Source of lime, drilling muds, road beds, poultry and cattle feeds. 

DSS Feed System. The DSS feed system consisted of an agitated, 55-gallon polyethylene supply tank for the sewage sludge and standard piping and pumps. The feed system supplied two air-sparged tubes located 25 cm and 46 cm above the distributor plate in the EHE. Each tube contained six, 2.36 mm diameter holes drilled horizontally (3 on each side) through which DSS and air were fed. Because the clay and lime additives used in the study had a tendency to settle out in the supply tank, a recirculation line was also installed. 

Deep mixing is an in situ soil treatment which enhances the engineering properties of existing soil strata in well defined zones such as columns and panels. Virtually all soil deposits can be treated, except for those which contain rocks or boulders, or other debris which prohibit penetration by the drilling and mixing tools. Materials commonly mixed with the soil include cement, lime, flyash, and bentonite. Different equipment permits the additives to be placed as a slurry (wet), or as dry powders. Compared to the early work, currently achieved mixed-in-place piles are much larger, more uniform, and placed with much greater accuracy. 

Barium dihydroxide Barium hydroxide Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) Barium hydroxide lime Caustic baryta EINECS 241-234-5 HSDB 1605. Used in glass manufacture, rubber vulcanization, corrosion inhibitors, drilling fluids and lubricants, [monohdratej White powder d = 3.743 slightly soluble in H2O, soluble in acids [octahydratej crystals mp = 78° freely soluble in H2O, MeOH, soluble in EtOH, insoluble in MezCO. 

---