DNA labeled with

Figure 2. A stable DNA-branched junction. The junction shown is composed of four strands of DNA, labeled with Arabic numerals arms are labeled with Roman numerals. The 3 end of each strand is indicated by the half-arrows. Each strand is paired with two other strands to form a double helical arm. There is no homologous twofold sequence symmetry flanking the central branch point, thereby stabilizing its position.

DNA labeled with ULYSIS Alexa Fluor 488, using a Nucleic Acid Labeling Kit (Invitrogen). DNA provided in the kit or oligonucleotides from other suppliers (e.g., Sigma) can be used. 

Fig. 13.3 Spectra of mixtures of DNA labeled with phthalocyanine with a cobalt metal center (PtcCo) and zinc metal center (PtcZn) with the following ratios A —1 2 and B - 2 1. Spectra obtained using 632.8 nm laser excitation with a 10 s accumulation...

Graham D, Brown R, Smith WE (2001) SERRS detection of PNA and DNA labelled with a speciflcally designed benzotriazole azo dye. Chem Commun 11 1002-1003... 

To demonstrate that STORM can indeed resolve nearby fluorescent molecules with sub-diffraction-limit resolution, we first engineered samples with known relative positions of the fluorescent labels - double-stranded DNA labeled with two Cy3-Cy5 pairs separated by a well-defined number (135) of base pairs, corresponding to an inter-CyS distance of 46 nm along the contour of DNA [4]. The DNA strands were immobilized in a flat configuration to a quartz slide through multiple biotin-streptavidin linkages. The two Cy5 dyes were turned on and off, repetitively, and the image sequence was analyzed to determine the positions of individual activated Cy5 dye. We then constructed... 

The samples were processed and stained with propidium iodide according to the method described in Ref. [14.8]. Flow cytometry DNA analysis was performed using a FACScan cytometer. The fluorescence intensity of the DNA labelled with propidium iodide was processed using CellQuest software, and the histograms of the DNA content were analysed using ModFit software. For each sample, 20 000 events were acquired. The DI was calculated with reference to the DNA diploid from the same sample. 

FIGURE 10.3 The experimental evidence for semiconservative replication. Heavy DNA labeled with forms a band at the bottom of the tube, and light DNA with N forms a band at the top. DNA that forms a band at an intermediate position has one heavy strand and one light strand. 

Figure 2o.16. Hine-dependait intensity dccmys of DNA labeled with 71>e data are sbown as dots. Tbe solid line and deviations (lower panel) are for the best thtee decay.linie fit, with decay dines of 12.4,46.6, and 126 ns. Bom Ref. 38.

Figure 20.17. Time-dependent anisotropy decay of DNA labeled with (Ru(bpy>2(< z)j. The data are shown as dots. The solid Ime and deviations (lower panel) are for the best three-condadon-time fit with correlation times of 3.1,22.2, and 189.9 ns. Rbm Rtf. 38.

Another aptasensor based on the displacement of a complementary strand from an aptamer was developed for the detection of ATP by coupling this approach to signal amplification by Au-NPs [50]. In this work the hybrid was formed by a reporter DNA labeled with Au-NPs, a thiol-modified DNA anchored to an electrode and a target-responsive DNA (the aptamer) (Fig. 2.10). Moreover, [Ru(NH3)e] ... 

In presence of the target molecule, ATP, the binding to the aptamer causes its conformational change leading to the release of the reporter DNA labeled with Au-NPs. In this way numerous molecules of [Ru(NH3)6] are released in solution generating a signal amplification. A wide linear range for the detection of ATP was obtained between 1 nM and 10 p M with a detection limit of 0.2 nM. 

On the other hand, a nanoparticle enhancement approach has been described by Dong et al. [71] to improve the detection sensitivity of field-effect transistors based on single-walled carbon nanotube networks (SNFETs). Figure 4.12 shows as the target DNA was hybridized with probe DNA on the device, reporter DNA labeled with Au-NPs flank a segment of the target DNA sequence. The amplified change in drain current allowed a DNA concentration down to 100 fM to be detected. 

The liquid scintillation technique was utilized in the case of thymidine or DNA labelled with or Measurements in the homogeneous phase have shown that the counting efficiencies depend on two variables the 3 particles energy and the size of the molecule carrying the radioisotope. In the homogeneous phase, measurements are correct only if the liquid scintillation medium and the radioactive solution added give rise to a medium which is homogeneous, not only at the macroscopic level, but also at the molecular level. Experiments performed have shown that, for small sized molecules (like... 

Since DNA becomes denatured in water, it is usually handled in saline solutions such as SSC. The initial assays of this investigation dealt with DNA labelled with or and... 

In effect, for radioactive DNA, the diminution of the measured activity, during the course of time (Fig. 1 to 3 and 8), is never accompanied by a decrease in the value of the Cs ratio (Fig. 4). The course of these two given phenomena is true for DNA labelled with C, as well as with 3h. These two courses depend therefore on the macromolecule, and not on the radioisotope. It is known that the addition, to any liquid scintillator, of an aliquot portion of aqueous solution has as a consequence the diminution of the value of the Cs ratio which characterises the pure liquid scintillator. When the added aqueous solution contains small sized molecules, the value of this ratio and the measured activity remain stable with time. Conversely, when the added solution contains a macromolecule, such as DNA, the measured activity decreases with time, while the value of the Cs ratio remains constant, or increases. That means that, in these cases, it became closer... 

Total DNA has been quantitated using a silicon light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) modified with a biotinylated nitrocellulose membrane to capture DNA labeled with streptavidin (through a DNA-binding protein) and urease (through... 

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