Response target

Thermoresponsive polymeric micelles with PIPAAm block copolymers can be expected to combine passive spatial targeting specificity with a stimuli-responsive targeting mechanism. We have developed LCSTs of PIPAAm chains with preservation of the thermoresponsive properties such as a phase transition rate by copolymerization with hydrophobic or hydrophilic comonomers into PIPAAm main chains. Micellar outer shell chains with the LCSTs adjusted between body temperature and hyperthermic temperature can play a dual role in micelle stabilization at a body temperature due to their hydrophilicity and initiation of drug release by hyperthermia resulting from outer shell structural deformation. Simultaneously, micelle interactions with cells could be enhanced at heated sites due... 

Figure 13.3. Model of Stella and Himmelstein, adapted from reference [5] (Section 13.3.1). The drug-carrier conjugate (DC) is administered at a rate i c(DC) into the central compartment of DC, which is characterized by a volume of distribution Fc(DC). DC is transported with an inter-compartmental clearance CLcr(DC) to and from the response (target) compartment with volume Fr(DC), and is eliminated from the central compartment with a clearance CZ.c(DC). The active drug (D) is released from DC in the central and response compartments via saturable processes obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics defined by Fmax and Km values. D is distributed over the volumes Fc(D) and Fr(D) of the central and response compartment, respectively. D is transported with an inter-compartmental clearance CLcr(D) between the central compartment and response compartment, and is eliminated from the central compartment with a clearance CLc(D).

Jesch, S.A., Zhao, X., Wells, M.T., and Henry, S.A., 2005, Genome-wide analysis reveals inositol, not choline, as the major effector of Ino2p-Ino4p and unfolded protein response target gene expression in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 280 9106-9118. 

The first Wnt responsive target gene to be identified in vertebrates was the Xenopus zygotic gene, Siamois, which plays a crucial role in dorsal axis formation in the developing embryo (Brannon et al., 1997). Siamois was... 

Scheme 3.18 Synthesis of pH-responsive targeted ampholytic copolymers by RAFT polymerization). (Reproduced from Heath et al. with permission from Wiley.)...

J. A., and Fluang, J. (2011) Xarget identification using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARXS). Curr, Protoc,... 

The treatment of uncertainties requires the use of probabilistic methods, estimating the probability of exceeding response targets for the different performance requirements, for example, on an annual basis. The dynamic structural responses are highly nonlinear, and their time history must be found by numerical (e.g., finite elements) analysis for the duration of the earthquake. In a thorough analysis, the nonlinearity of the response is further increased when the interactions between the structure and the foundations are included. It is not possible to establish an explicit relationship between the intervening variables and the dynamic responses, and results can only be obtained in a discrete manner, given specific values of the structural variables and a particular earthquake record. Reliability calculations depend on simulations... 

G. Unsoy, R. Khodadust, S. Yalcin, P. Mutlu, and U. Gunduz, Synthesis of doxorubicin loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles for pH responsive targeted drug delivery, Eur. J. Pharm. ScL, 62, 243-250,2014. 

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