DMMs

Scheller reaction Schercamox DML Schercamox DMM Schercomid Schercomid CME Schercotaine Schereowet Scher-Montroll model Schetty-Pfeiffer ligands Schiff base Schiff bases... 

Cmmbles are formed by grinding pellets to the desired sizes. Specialty feeds such as flakes can be made by mnning newly manufactured pellets through a press or through use of a double dmm dryer. The latter type of flakes begin as a slurry of feed ingredients and water. When the slurry is pressed between the hot rollers of the double dmm dryer, wafer thin sheets of dry feed are produced that are then broken into small pieces. The different colors observed in some tropical fish foods represent a mixture of flakes, each of which contains one or more different additives that impart color. 

Unlike catfish, tilapia, trout and salmon, that produce several hundred to several thousand eggs per female, many marine species produce large numbers of very small eggs. Hundreds of thousands to millions of eggs are produced by such species as haUbut, flounders, red dmm, striped bass, and shrimp. Catfish, salmon, and trout spawn once a year, while tilapia and some marine species spawn repeatedly if the proper environmental conditions are maintained (1). Red dmm, for example, spawn every few days for periods of several months when light and temperature and properly controlled (10). 

Furfuryl alcohol is shipped in bulk or dmms. Although not corrosive to metals, it is a powerful solvent and penetrant containers, tanks, lines, and valves need to be in good condition to avoid potential leakage. Furfuryl alcohol can be stored in containers lined with baked phenoHc resin coatings however, it should not be put in containers that are coated with lacquers, varnishes, or epoxy resins because it is an excellent solvent for many such coatings. 

Furan, a Class 3 DOT hazard, is shipped in tank cars, tank tmcks and in heavy duty dmms. The selling price of furan in bulk is Hsted at 1.60/lb. 

Shipping and Storage. The DOT ha2ard classification for BENZONITRILE is "Elammable", UN No. 2224. Carbon-steel dmms and tanks may be used for storage. 

The strands move through large dmm dryers which reduce the moisture content to about 2 or 6%, the difference being whether Hquid or dry resin is to be used. Because a desired moisture level into the press is about 6—7% me, a Hquid resin adds water to the system and requires a lower flake moisture than a dry resin. 

Commercial acetaldehyde has the following typical specifications assay, 99% min color, water-white acidity, 0.5% max (acetic acid) specific gravity, 0.790 at 20°C bp, 20.8°C at 101.3 kPa (1 atm). It is shipped in steel dmms and tank cars bearing the ICC red label. In the Hquid state, it is noncorrosive to most metals however, acetaldehyde oxidizes readily, particularly in the vapor state, to acetic acid. Precautions to be observed in the handling of acetaldehyde have been pubHshed (103). 

Heico Chemicals is the only producer of acetamide in the United States. Small amounts are imported from Europe and Asia. It is shipped in 32-L (35-gal) dmms weighing about 80 kg. Acetamide appears to have a wide spectmm of appHcations. It suppresses acid buildup in printing inks, lacquers, explosives, and perfumes. It is a mild moisturi2er and is used as a softener for leather, textiles, paper, and certain plastics. It finds some appHcations in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and antioxidants for plastics. 

Little is known of the market for acetyl chloride. The production and sales are beUeved to be small, but may have potential for very large scale-up. The total U.S. market may amount to only 500 t annually. Acetyl chloride must be shipped in polyethylene-lined dmms having capacities of only 220 L it must be labeled as a corrosive substance. Acetyl chloride generated captively from purchased raw materials probably has a unit value of no more than 0.92—0.95/kg. Shipping costs and other factors set the price at about 3/kg for the commercial trade. 

Dimethylacetamide is available in dmms with a capacity of 0.208 m (55 gal), 186 kg net, and in tank cars or tmcks. Although the DOT classifies DMAC as a combustible Hquid, no DOT label is requited. 

Shipment, Storage, and Price. Butynediol, 35% solution, is available in tank cars, tank trailers, and dmms. Stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, glass, and various plastic and epoxy or phenoHc liners have ak been found satisfactory. Rubber hose is suitable for transferring. The solution is nonflammable and freezes at about —5°C. 

Butynediol soHd flakes are packed in polyethylene bags inside dmms. The product is hygroscopic and must be protected from moisture. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. Butenediol is available in unlined steel tank cars, tank trailers, and various sized dmms. Because of its relatively high freezing point, tank cars are fitted with heating coils. The 1991 U.S. bulk price of technical grade butenediol was about 5.36 /kg. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. Tank cars and tank trailers, selected to prevent color formation, are of aluminum or stainless steel, or lined with epoxy or phenoHc resins dmms are lined with phenoHc resins. Flexible stainless steel hose is used for transfer. Because of butanediol s high freezing point (about 20°C) tank car coil heaters are provided. The U.S. Hst price for bulk quantities in 1991 was about 2.18/kg, but heavy discounting was prevalent for large contracts. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. Butyrolactone is shipped in unlined steel tank cars and plain steel dmms. Plain steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and nickel are suitable for storage and handling mbber, phenoHcs, and epoxy resins are not suitable. Butyrolactone is hygroscopic and should be protected from moisture. Because of its low free2ing point (—44° C), no provision for heating storage vessels is needed. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrices. Methyl vinyl ether is available in tank cars or cylinders, while the other vinyl ethers are available in tank cars, tank wagons, or dmms. Mild steel, stainless steel, and phenoHc-coated steel are suitable for shipment and storage. If protected from air, moisture, and acidic contamination, vinyl ethers are stable for years. United States bulk prices in 1991 for methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and butyl vinyl ether were listed as about 5.78/kg, 6.28/kg, and 6.08/kg, respectively. 

Polyacrylamide powders are typically shipped in moisture-resistant bags or fiber packs. Emulsion and solution polymers are sold in dmms, tote bins, tank tmcks, and tank cars. The transportation of dry and solution products is not regulated in the United States by the Department of Transportation, but emulsions require a DOT NA 1693 label. 

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