Diversity: cultural

A recent review of the metabolites of L. maculans and L biglobosa produced in diverse culture conditions [19] emphasized that both species biosynthesize host-selective and non-selective phytotoxins. Importantly, it was shown that the composition of metabolite profiles of L. maculans depended on the composition of the culture medium. In a chemically defined liquid medium, isolates virulent on canola produced mainly sirodesmin PL (1), a non-host-selective phytotoxin, minor sirodesmins with one, three, or four sulfurs bridging the dioxopiperazine ring (sirodesmin H (3) [20], sirodesmin J (4) and K (5) [21]) and phomalirazine (6) (Fig. 9.1). The various sirodesmins 1-5 and phomalirazine (6) caused necrotic lesions of different intensities on leaves of both resistant and susceptible plants. Phomalide (7), the first host-selective phytotoxin isolated from virulent isolates of L. maculans, caused disease symptoms (necrotic, chlorotic, and reddish lesions) on canola (susceptible to L maculans) but not on brown mustard or white mustard... 

Cohen, R. E. (1992). Training mental health professions to work with families in diverse cultural contexts. In L. A. Austin (Ed.), Responding to disaster A guide for mental health professionals (pp. 69-80). New York American Psychiatric Press. 

Operations of multinational organizations often span multiple countries and cultures, and their broadly distributed metrics reports must be appropriate for all intended audiences. Using specific language in one culture may have unintended and problematic connotations in another, so the metries report designs must account for cultural sensibilities. Metrics training across diverse cultures may be needed to ensure understanding of the intention and content of metrics reports. 

T e world of houseplants covers a vast CT f plant species from all over the world. %ia i -> enthusiast s collection may include nec.-es native to a wide variety of climates, Src tropical jungle-dwellers, such as some mriZ-di or philodendrons, to desert-dwelling Despite the diverse cultural requirements liferent houseplants prefer, there are basic tcrr.iques that will ensure healthy plants that Tcsist pests and diseases. 

A major criticism of the sociocultural model is that it may not be widely applicable. Many countries, such as the United States and Canada, have diverse cultures and subcultures, and customs and values that fit one of them may not be amenable to or accepted by another. A second criticism is that the sociocultural approach, while emphasizing moderate consumption, fails to account for the value and pleasure many people attach to heavier drinking. A third concern with the model is that it assumes attitudinal changes in the culture will result in the desired behavioral changes. There is no specification of the mechanisms by which that change will occur, however, and... 

Hartigan-Go, K. 2002. Developing a Pharmacovigilance system in the Philippines, a country of diverse culture and strong traditional medicine background. Toxicology 181-182, 103-107. 

In many traditional cultures, illness is believed to be caused by psychological conflicts or disturbed social relationships that upset an equihbrium which is expressed in the form of physical or mental problems (33). Although Africa has a diverse culture, there is a common thread that follows that the disraption of this equilibrium, what we call illness, may be caused by external psychological or spiritual factors, or both, that relate to African cosmology and "threaten the intactness of the person" 34). In traditional cultures, then, healing involves restoring this equilibrium. 

Another substantial drawback to instructor-led training, especially in light of the industry s move toward globalization, is the lack of instructional consistency. The instructor at one facility may not be providing the same instruction as the instructor at another facility. The message inconsistency can be particularly problematical when the instructors and learners are located in different countries, allowing diverse cultural and language impacts to color the presentations. 

Cultural and intellectual diversity. Our no less diverse cultural heritages, belief systems, concerns, and prejudices epitomized by the still significant split between Western medicine rooted in Hippocrates and Galen, and the enduringly popular systems of alternative and Eastern medicine. 

Thus cut off from the interaction between diverse cultures in Asia and Europe, they remained at a Stone Age level of development. They knew nothing of metal working and so worked with stone, saplings, skins, bone, etc. They never used the wheel and their only pack animals were dogs and squaws. 

For centuries, metal nanoparticles have never ceased to attract scientists and artists from many diverse cultures. In this section we briefly introduce a phenomenon of metal nanoparticles that still inspires scientists localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) (Hutter and Fendler, 2004). Metal nanoparticles show nonlinear electronic transport (single-electron transport of Coulomb blockade) and nonlinear/ultrafast optical response due to the SPR. Conduction electrons (—) and ionic cores (-F) in a metal form a plasma state. When external electric fields (i.e., electromagnetic waves, electron beams etc.) are applied to a metal, electrons move so as to screen perturbed charge distribution, move beyond the neutral states, return to the neutral states, and so on. This collective motion of electrons is called a plasma oscillation. SPR is a collective excitation mode of the plasma localized near the surface. Electrons confined in a nanoparticle conform the LSPR mode. The resonance frequency of the surface plasmon is different... 

Professor Zaikov has been an enthusiastic promoter and practitioner of global scientists, training and collaborating with students and researchers of different nationalities and of diverse cultural or educational backgrounds. He has constantly and unselfishly contributed to the global dissemination of research in polymer materials, and his outstanding research leadership and tireless service have positively impacted the worldwide prospering of research in these areas. 

Pless, N. M., 8c Maak, T. (2004). Building an inclusive diversity culture Principles, processes and pra ctice. Journal of Business Ethics, 54 2), 129-147. doi 10.1007/sl0551-004-9465-8... 

Hayles, R. (2003, May). Strategies for change Why proactively seek diversity Cultural Diversity at Work Archive. Retrieved from www... 

Provide quality educational opportunities to intentionally build organizational knowledge among all leaders and employees about the range of diverse cultures and identities. Ferdman, 2010 Foldy, Rivard, 8c Buckley, 2009... 

Similarly, D I as a field is slowly moving away from an emphasis on primarily ethnic differences (such as counting members of different racial and gender groups) to more of an inclusive approach to viewing diverse cultures and ways of thinking in general (Hansen, 2010 Holvino et al., 2004). The focus has also... 

Positive, pro-active and non udgmental attitude towards diverse cultural and international identities and in their interpersonal and professional interactions. ... 

Show respect, affirmation, and adaptability to diverse cultures and nationalities with which they interact. ... 

Hofer, B. (2008). Personal epistemology and culture. In M. S. Rhine (Ed.), Knowing, knowledge and beliefs epistemological studies across diverse cultures (pp. 3-22). Ekwdrecht, The Netherlands Springer. 

The Acmeist appeal to diverse cultural chronotopes in an effort to bring them home (a feature once formulated by Mandelshtam, according to his wife, as the yearning for world culture ) made their poetry intensely inter-textual. Another aspect of this effort to domesticate every cultural space involved the sharply outlined social and psychological parameters of any situation being described. While the former aspect of Acmeist poetics was particularly characteristic of Mandelshtam, the latter found the most notable expression in Akhmatova s early poetry. 

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