Distillers solubles

Nitrogen sources include proteins, such as casein, zein, lactalbumin protein hydrolyzates such proteoses, peptones, peptides, and commercially available materials, such as N-Z Amine which is understood to be a casein hydrolyzate also corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gluten, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat extracts, stick liquor, liver cake, yeast extracts and distillers solubles amino acids, urea, ammonium and nitrate salts. Such inorganic elements as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and combinations of these anions and cations in the form of mineral salts may be advantageously used in the fermentation. 

A slant of S. antibioticus ATCC 11891 was cultivated on agar under controlled conditions in order to develop spores for the purpose of inoculating a nutrient medium having the following composition 20 g Cerelose (dextrose hydrate), 15 g soybean meal, 5 g distillers solubles, 10 g cornmeal, and tap water, in a sufficient amount for a 1,000-ml solution, adjusted to pH 7.0 to 7.2 with potassium hydroxide. 

Distillers solubles Sodium chloride Distilled water to 1,000 ml... 

By-Products. After the removal of alcohol, the fermentation residues are processed to produce distillers grains. These residues consist of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and fiber that are concentrated threefold by removal of the starch. Distillers grains are usually divided into one of four groups including distillers dry grains (DDG), distillers dry solubles (DDS), distillers dry grains with solubles (DDG/S), and condensed distillers solubles (CDS). 

Properties Water-white liquid. D 0.991 (25C), refr index 1.445 (25C). Decomposes on distillation. Soluble in common inert organic solvents insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Another complex polysaccharide which has been modified to enhance its properties is xanthan gum. Xanthan is a naturally produced bacterial exopolysaccharide of the etaxsXanthomonas. While many species of the genus will produce copious amounts of the polysaccharide, the model system for research and production is Xanthomonas campestris. Production is by bacterial fermentation using a media composed of 2.5 to 3% D-glucose, 0.4% dried distillers solubles, and simple salts (82). Within 96 hours 50% of the glucose is converted to xanthan. The cells are removed by centrifugation leaving the polysaccharide in solution. It is then precipitated by the addition of 50% (w/w) alcohol, often methanol or 2-propanol. The precipitate is dried and milled for commercial sale. 

Conversion (upgrading) of bitumen and heavy oils to distillate products requires reduction of the MW and boiling point of the components of the feedstocks. The chemistry of this transformation to lighter products is extremely complex, partly because the petroleum feedstocks are complicated mixtures of hydrocarbons, consisting of 10 to 10 different molecules. Any structural information regarding the chemical nature of these materials would help to understand the chemistry of the process and, hence, it would be possible to improve process yields and product quality. However, because of the complexity of the mixture, the characterization of entire petroleum feedstocks and products is difficult, if not impossible. One way to simpHfy this molecular variety is to separate the feedstocks and products into different fractions (classes of components) by distillation, solubility/insolubility, and adsorption/desorption techniques. For bitumen and heavy oils, there are a number of methods that have been developed based on solubility and adsorption. The most common standard method used in the petroleum industry for separation of heavy oils into compound classes is SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) analysis. Typical SARA analyses and properties for Athabasca and Cold Lake bitumens, achieved using a modified SARA method, are shown in Table 1. For comparison, SARA analysis of Athabasca bitumen by the standard ASTM method is also shown in this table. The discrepancy in the results between the standard and modified ASTM methods is a result of the aromatics being eluted with a... 

The production of beer and whiskey from barley malt yields such by-products as brewers grains, brewers yeast, distillers grains, and distillers solubles, all of which are good sources of the B vitamins and various other nutrients. 

Animal feeds—Distillers grains, used as an energy and protein feed Distillers solubles, used as an energy, protein, and vitamin supplement and Grain distillers dried yeast. Used as a protein and vitamin supplement. 

HISTORY. This compound, called B-13, was first obtained from distillers solubles. Subsequently, one of its constituents, orotic acid, has been synthesized in Europe and used to treat multiple sclerosis. 

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B-13. Vitamin B-13 is found in such natural sources as distillers solubles, whey, soured or curdled milk, and root vegetables. Also, this nutrient is available in supplemental form as calcium orotate. 

The first key discovery was that the entire cholesterol molecule was assembled by a sequential condensation of acetate molecules in their biologically activated form as coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters 10 (Bloch 1965). The key intermediate in the process was (3k)-mevalonic acid (MVA, 11), a six-carbon compound originally discovered as a byproduct in distillers solubles . Mevalonic acid is formed by the enzymatic reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA, 12) which in turn is formed by the head-to-tail condensation of three molecules of acetate (Figure 3.4) (Cornforth 1959). Mevalonic acid is enzymatically converted to IPP with loss of carbon dioxide, and it was... 

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