Disposal sites, sampling and

JUNK AND RICHARD Disposal Sites Sampling and Analyses... 

Methods have been described for determining chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil and chemical waste disposal site samples. The latter method involves a simple hexane extraction and temperature programmed gas chromatographic analysis using electron capture detection and high resolution glass capillary columns. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of the chlorocarbons in the samples [4],... 

DeLeon IR, Overton EB, Raschke CK, et al. 1980. Rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of volatile and semivolatile organochlorine compounds in soil and chemical waste disposal site samples. J Chromatogr Sci 18 85-88. 

It is expected that leachate characteristics will vary by country. This is because the soil under a landfill site, the composition of disposed waste, the climate, sampling and landfill management vary among countries.7-8... 

Administration Sample shipment Interface with home office Maintenance of emergency telephone numbers, evacuation route maps, and vehicle keys Coordination with transporters, disposal sites, and appropriate federal, state, and local regulatory... 

Excavations were completed in summer 2002. The residues to be excavated were classified by on-site analytical methods, and were temporarily stored on-site for later off-site disposal. Soil sampling at the site showed that the highest level of contamination was found, as expected, in the area surrounding the former inlet of the pond. However, during excavation, a second hot spot was found with TNT concentrations of several g/kg TNT. Thus more soil had to be excavated than was initially expected. The TNT was concentrated in clayey soil. 

Water Samples. The pesticide residues in ground water samples from sites adjacent to and remote from the disposal pit locations and the well water samples were analyzed by the resin sorption method using XAD-2 as described by Richard et al. (4) and Junk et al. ( 5) for measuring very low amounts of selected pesticides. 

Low levels of hexachlorobutadiene can be detected in air, water, and sediment. Atmospheric levels of hexachlorobutadiene in rural and urban air samples typically range from 2 to 11 ppt, with a mean value of 2-3 ppt. Higher levels can be detected at areas near industrial and chemical waste disposal sites and production sites. Hexachlorobutadiene is infrequently detected in ambient waters, but has been detected in drinking water at levels of 2-3 ppt. Sediments contain higher levels of hexachlorobutadiene than the waters from which they were obtained. Foodstuffs generally do not contain detectable levels of hexachlorobutadiene, with the exception offish, in which concentrations of 0.1-4.7 mg/kg have been reported. 

In the United States, the reported average concentration of hexachlorobutadiene, based on 72 samples from urban and source dominated areas, was 36 ppt (0.38 pg/m ) (Shah and Heyerdahl 1988 Shah and Singh 1988). Hexachlorobutadiene levels ranging from 2 to 11 ppt were reported in a number of cities (Pellizzari 1978 Singh et al. 1980 Singh et al. 1982). Higher levels of hexachlorobutadiene were reported in Niagara Falls, with concentrations of up to 37 ppt detected in ambient air levels and up to 38 ppt detected in the basement air of homes near industrial and chemical waste disposal sites (Pellizzari 1982). 

Low levels of hexachlorobutadiene (less than 1 ppb) may be found in drinking water (EPA 1989a). Finished drinking water samples from two U.S. cities were found to contain 1.6 ppt and 2.7 ppt, respectively (Lucas 1984). Hexachlorobutadiene was also detected in groundwater at 6 of 479 waste disposal sites in the United States (Plumb 1991). 

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