Heart action

Other surgical implants are essentially plastic repair products for worn out parts of the body. It is possible to conceive of major replacements of an entire organ such as a kidney or a heart by combining the plastic skills with tissue regeneration efforts that may extend life. This is used to time the heart action. Extensively used are plastic corrugated, fiber (silicone or TP polyester) braided aortas (24). 

When a cardiotonic drug is administered, die positive inotropic action increases the force of die contraction, resulting in an increased cardiac output. When cardiac output is increased, the blood supply to die kidneys and otiier vital organs is increased. Water, electrolytes, and waste products are removed in adequate amounts, and tiie symptoms of inadequate heart action or HF are relieved, hi most instances, the heart rate also decreases. This occurs because vital organs are now receiving an adequate blood supply because of the increased force of myocardial contraction. 

Sodium is essential for the maintenance of normal heart action and in the regulation of osmotic pressure in body cells. Sodium, as sodium chloride (NaCl), may be given IV. A solution containing 0.9% NaCl is called normal saline, and a solution containing 0.45% NaCl is called half-normal saline. Sodium also is available combined with dextrose, for example, dextrose 5% and sodium chloride 0.9%. 

Class II drugs are the p-adrenoceptor antagonists that suppress the sympathetic modulation of the heart action. They are used in the therapy of sinus tachycardia, supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and ventricular extra-systoles. Because of its rapid onset and short duration of action, esmolol is the preferred drug in this class for intra-operative use. 

N.A. Galactoside-specific lectin, lignans, viscotoxin, choline, alkaloids, resin, acetylcholine, protein, flavonoids, caffeic acid, viscin, carotenoids.99100 181 Lower blood pressure, stimulate heart action, and treat arteriosclerosis. 

Recent studies of dream emotion prove Kliiver and Bucy s point. They support the idea that it is the brain itself—and more specifically the limbic brain—that may generate fear (the number one dream affect), cosmic elation (number two), and anger (number three). To round out the picture, there are reports that an intensification of these same emotions colors the dreams of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Subjects may indeed evince rapid heart action, increases in blood pressure, and rises and falls of breathing efforts in REM sleep, but these are not sensed as part of the subjective experience of dream emotion. 

Breathlessness, flushing, sweating, rapid heart action, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, convulsions... 

Nausea and vomiting flushed face violent then lessened heart action dilated pupils pallor collapse... 

The chapter ends with a complete synthesis of an important new drug. Cardiac arrhythmia (erratic and inefficient heart action) is a major problem in the modern world causing poor lifestyle (exhaustion) and death by blood clots. A new drug dofetilide (Tikosyn ) is being introduced by Pfizer to treat this problem. It works by blocking the passage of potassium ions out of heart muscle and so delays the onset of an irregular beat until the next normal beat takes over. 

Chemical agents which affect the heart action and nerve reflexes or interfere with the assimilation of oxygen by the body. 

Health effects nausea, vomiting, flushed face, violent and lessened heart action, dilated pupils, and collapse... 

Although furosemide has embryotoxic properties in some animal species, it has been widely used in pregnant women without any adverse effects. Nevertheless, it should be used with great caution, since hypovolemia can lead to reduced uterine and placental blood flow. Careful monitoring of fetal heart action is necessary. Furosemide passes the placenta and increases fetal urine production. It can also increase acid concentrations in maternal serum, fetal serum, and amniotic fluid, thus masking a useful index for the development of pre-eclampsia (24). Its use in pregnant women should therefore be restricted to the treatment of cardiac failure. 

Disease of the lung characterized by abnormal dilution of Hs air spaces and distension of its walls. Frequently, heart action is impaired. 

Ellects ol overdose may include abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, increased peristalsis, salivation, increased bronchial secretions, sweating and constriction of eye pupil (due to muscarinic ellects). Further effects may include muscular cramps, localised muscle contractions, general weakness, slow heart action and low blood pressure (due to nicotinic effects). 

Calcinm is an essential element in living matter. It is the major component of bones and teeth the calcinm ion is present in a complex phosphate salt, hydroxyapatite, Ca5(P04)30H. A characteristic fnnction of Ca ions in living systems is the activation of a variety of metabolic processes. Calcium plays a vital role in heart action, blood clotting, mnscle contraction, and nerve impulse transmission. 

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