Dings species

Fig. 3. Lethal temperature thresholds for aquatic species. Patterns are general for all species, but exact temperatures are species-specific, (a) Tolerance polygon of upper and lower lethal (50%) temperatures for one-week exposures of an example species (juvenile sockeye salmon) which has been held at the acclimation temperature, with more restrictive thresholds indicated as dashed lines (b) time-dependent mortaUty (50%) of an example species (juvenile chinook salmon) at temperatures above the one-week lethal threshold after hoi ding at different acclimation temperatures. The dashed line ABC indicates transition to less than 50% mortaUty at lower temperatures and coincides with the upper lethal threshold of this species tolerance polygon. Reproduced by...

Results of a more recent series of investigations suggest that lead may cause hypertension in rats by increasing reactive oxygen species, which act as vasoconstrictors, and decreasing nitric oxide, a vasodilator released by the endothelium. The reactive oxygen species may be the hydroxyl radical, and did not appear to be the superoxide anion (Ding et al. 1998). 

Xiong, J., Ding, Y., Wang, T., Yan, L., Chen, W., Zhu, H., and Lu, Y. 2005. The formation of Co2C species in activated carbon supported cobalt-based catalysts and its impact on Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Catal. Lett. 102 265-69. 

Ding et al. [88] used anion-exchange chromatog-raphy-ICP-MS to determine different forms of chromium in chromium picolinate products which are used as dietary supplements and appear to assist in weight loss. A Dionex AS7 anion-exchange column was used to separate Cr(III)-EDTA chelate and Cr(VI) in the supplements. Only 1% total chromium recoveries were obtained and this was attributed to retention of the chromium species on-column. The use of RP-HPLC proved to be more effective and complete chromium recoveries were obtained, based on the amounts stated on the manufacturer s product labels. 

Chrom ophytes Raphido Xanth o (yellow-green (number and nature of pigm ents depen ding upon species) — H.O COz Oz G iraudyopsis heterosigm a Pleurochloris Chi a/cl,c2 + predominantly in ternperate and cold ... 

Shi X., Ding M., Chen F., Wang L., Rojanasakul Y., Vallyathan V., and Castranova V. (2001) Reactive oxygen species and molecular mechanisms of silica-induced lung injury. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 20(suppl. 1), 85-93. 

Hoppe R, Lambert TD, Samollow PB, Breer H, Strotmann J (2006) Evolution of the OR37 subfamily of olfactory receptors a cross-species comparison. J Mol Evol 62 460-472 Hu J, Zhong C, Ding C, Chi Q, Walz A, Mombaerts P, Matsunami H, Luo M (2007) Detection of near-atmospheric concentrations of C02 by an olfactory subsystem in the mouse. Science 317 953-957... 

Examples of applications of X-ray spectrometric analytical techniques to elemental determinations in a variety of materials are presented in Table 2.12. Some recent applications papers may be mentioned. Total reflection XRF has been applied by Xie et al. (1998) to the multielement analysis of Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis), and by Pet-tersson and Olsson (1998) to the trace element analysis of milligram amounts of plankton and periphyton. The review by Morita etal. (1998) on the determination of mercury species in environmental and biological samples includes XRF methods. Alvarez et al. (2000) determined heavy metals in rainwaters by APDC precipitation and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Other papers report on the trace element content of colostrum milk in Brazil by XRF (da Costa etal. 2002) and on the micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in uses, MPI-DING and NIST glass reference materials by means of synchrotron micro-XRF (Kempenaers etal. 2003). 

Ding, W., Z. Cai, and H. Tsuruta. 2005. Plant species effects on methane emissions from freshwater marshes. Atmos. Environ. 39 3199-3207. 

Li A-X, Wu X-Y, Ding X-J, et al. (2005). PCR-SSCP as a molecular tool for the identification of Benedeniinae (Monogenea Capsalidae) from marine fish. Mol Cell Probes, 19 35-39. Livi S, Cordisco C, Damiani C, Romanelli M (2006). Identification of bivalve species at an early developmental stage through PCR-SSCP and sequence analysis of partial 18S rDNA. Mar. Biol, 149 1149-1161. 

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